Zoobenthos are one of the majo r ecological g roups in fresh waters.They play an important role in nutrient cycling and energy flow in ecosystems, and are very useful food resources for fish. Zoobenthos are also used as biological monitors of the envi ronmental health of lakes and rivers. Theo ries and methods of the secondary production of zoobenthos were reviewed w ith emphasis on the calculation of secondary production, P/B coefficient and factors to affect secondary production.In addition, this paper also presents new advances including modelling of the secondary production and construction of benthic food web.