The effectiveness of sediment dredging is still strongly debated up to now, and the environmental effects resulting from sediment dredging may be not ideal as the people have expected.Sediment dredging can effectively lower the contents of nutrient, heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in sediment, but resuspension of sediment during dredging will induce the release of pollutants from sediment to the water column.In addition, the interface processes will exert great influence on the dredging effect.There are successes and lessons for the control of eutrophication, different effects appear for the control of the release of nutrients in different lakes.Sediments dredging has dverse effects on benthos, e.g.decreases of taxa numbers, abundance and biomass.Moreover, there could be a change of community composition and a fall in the diversity.Extracellular enzymes activities could be depressed significantly.As a result, sediment dredging has profound impact on the hydrolytic activities of sediments.It is a long term for the recovery of benthos and enzymes activities.The effectiveness of sediment dredging on water pollution control is usually time-limited.The methods of dredging, the depth of dredging, as well as the season when dredging is carried out should be concerned in dredging program implementation.