Wangyu River is one of the 15 major inflow rivers of Lake Taihu, and it is also the water diversion river of Yangtze-Taihu Water Diversion. It is of great importance to abate the pollution from the west side of Wangyu River. In this paper, the water quali-ty and the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution were investigated.The results showed that the west side of Wangyu River was con- fronting a severe water pollution problem due to high level presence of both nitrogen and phosphorus in the effluent. The nitrogen and phosphorus pollution mainly came from domestic sectors, of which the three major water pollutants(NH₃-N,TN and TP) ac-counted for 60.2%, 52.5% and 52.9% of the total pollution emission, respectively. Pollution of industry was also a large prob-lem, and the printing and dyeing industry was the industry branch of the maximum pollutant discharge. Both Zhangjiagang City andJiangyin City were the main sources of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. The environmental capacity of the area was predicted,and the target of the pollutant abatement was forcasted. The rate of the pollutant abatement of NH₃-N,TN and TP reached about 32.4%,51.8% and 51. I%, respectively. Based upon the above analysis, the control countermeasures of nitrogen and phosphorus were proposed to improve the aquatic environment of Wangyu River west side area such as reinforcing pollution comprehensive treat-ment, carrying out river and ecological restoration engineering, strengthening environmental management and monitoring, etc.