In order to rehabilitate the anaerobic sediment in Moon River,a controllable indoor experiment was carried out. It aimed at finding a synchronization solution of providing oxygen for the anaerobic sediment,reducing the endogenous nutrients release rate, as well as building up plant communities during the later recovery. In the controllable experiment, different concentrations of CaO₂ was injected to the surface of sediment separately. It suggested that adding CaO₂ could significantly improve the concentrations of dissolved oxygen in the lying water, even more it had a positive correlation with the changes of CaO₂ concentration.It had a significantly negative impact on the release of PO₄^3--P in the sediment, more significant with the increasing concentrations of CaO₂. The concentration of PO₄^3--P could be decreased by 98% mostly in the overlying water contrasted with the control group. The release rate of PO₄^3--P could be decreased from -99.069±55.991 mg/(m²·d) to -241.916±22.501 mg/(m²·d).On the other hand, the concentration of NH₄⁺-N in the overlying water rose with fluctuations. It had significantly improved the pH in the overlying water. But it had little impact on the growth of Vallisneria natans when the concentrations of CaO₂ was lower than 0.529 kg/m². Considering the pollution status, adding CaO₂ could reduce the release of PO₄^3--P and enhance the anaerobic sediment suited for submerged macrophytes growth. Consequently, adding CaO₂ could be routinely performed to solve heavily contaminated sediments in the actual river ecological engineering, with the proper dosage of 0.176 kg/m².