In order to research the interaction of water sources and dissolved solids in surface water and groundwater in the Linhuan coal mining subsidence area,81 water samples were collected from surface water and groundwater during the periods of wet period,median water period,and dry period.The concentrations,compositions and types of major ions were analyzed.The influence factors were discussed by Piper graph,Gibbs graph and the method of factor analysis.The results indicate that:Total dissolved solids (TDS) are in the order of dry season > wet season > median water period in surface water,and in the order of dry period > median water period > wet period in groundwater.The TDS of surface water are obviously higher than those of groundwater.Na⁺,Cl^-and SO₄^2- are major ions in surface water,and mainly belong to the water chemistry type of SO₄^2--Cl^--Na⁺.HCO₃^-,Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ are major ions in groundwater,and belong to the water chemistry type of HCO₃^--Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺.The Gibbs graph and factor analysis show that intense evaporation process,surface runoff and mining activities occurred in the surface water.To a certain extent,shallow groundwater reflects the characteristics of atmospheric precipitation and recharges of surface water,which is mainly influenced by rock weathering degrees.