Based on analysis of distribution patterns of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface sediments of the Tongjiqiao Reservoir that is a typical town reservoir, pollution degree and ecological risks were assessed by single factor index method, geoaccumulation index, potential ecological risk method and principal component analysis. The results showed that:8 kinds of heavy metals had a certain degree of pollution in surface sediments and accumulated mainly in pre dam and southwest area. Pollution of Hg and Cd is in the broader, deeper level. Because of influence of Hg and Cd, there was a moderate ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments. With reference to management of reservoirs, it is of great significance to ensure the safety and management of water quality in the small sized reservoirs by putting prevention of heavy metals pollution in an important position.