To study the influence of heavy rainfall on absorption characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and particles in Lake Qiandao, the samples were collected on March 1-6, 2016 (before the rainstorm) and April 6-11, 2016 (after the rainstorm). The spectral absorption of CDOM, phytoplankton and non-algal particles (NAP) in the lake were analyzed and the influence of rainstorm was discussed. The results showed that Lake Qiandao, as a typical deep inland lake, its spectral absorption coefficients of CDOM, phytoplankton and NAP is small, compared with shallow lakes like Lake Taihu. The CDOM spectral absorption coefficients varied in the range of 0-0.6 m^-1, the mean value of the spectral fitting coefficient of CDOM(S_CDOM) was 0.0158±0.00145 nm^-1 before the rainstorm. The spectral absorption of phytoplankton before the rainstorm dominated the absorption of total particles, varied in the range of 0-0.35 m^-1. The spectral absorption coefficients of NAP varied in the range of 0-0.15 m^-1, and the mean value of spectral fitting coefficient of NAP(S_NAP) was 5.62±0.57 μm^-1 before the rainstorm; The CDOM spectral absorption coefficients varied in the range of 0-1.6 m^-1 S_CDOM was 0.0157±0.00101 nm^-1 after the rainstorm. The spectral absorption of phytoplankton varied in the range of 0-2.5 m^-1. NAP absorption dominated the absorption of particles in some regions after the rainstorm, a_NAP(λ)varied in the range of 0-0.8 m^-1 and S_NAP was 5.72±0.68 μm^-1. The M value showed that CDOM composition of the different regions of the lake is mainly fulvic acid both before and after the rainstorm, the spatial distribution of M value is relative even before the rainstorm. However, the M value showed an increasing trend from the Xin'anjiang to the buffer area and southeastern area after the rainstorm, which indicates that humic acids increased the relative molecular mass of CDOM in the northwestern area. Rainstorm had the greatest impact on the northwestern, southwestern and northeastern areas regarding the value of S_NAP, with the smallest impact on the southwestern area. This study provides an important basis for the use of optical means to further explore the impact of heavy rainfall on aquatic environment of Lake Qiandao.