In order to explore the influence of environmental factors on the species diversity of dragonflies in Lake Erhai, field studies were carried out between May 2014 to May 2017 in 10 sample sites at Lake Erhai shore. A total of 1448 Odonata samples, belonging to 28 species, 22 genera and 11 families, were reported. Meanwhile, 20 families 46 species of plants were also recorded. Correlation analysis between diversity of Odonata species (adults and larvae) and environmental factors were carried out.The results showed that the diversity of adult dragonfly were positively correlated with the vegetation richness, wetland vegetation coverage, emergent vegetation coverage, submerged aquatic vegetation coverage, whereas negatively correlated with the degree of human disturbance and floating vegetation coverage. The diversity of larvae dragonfly were positively correlated with the dissolved oxygen and sediment. The findings of the study provided practical suggestions for the protection of dragonfly habitats and the ecological restoration of lakeshore buffer strips in Lake Erhai.