Submerged macrophyte restoration is the key to ecological restoration of eutrophic lakes. Sediment type and species abundance play an important role in the growth and community stability of submerged macrophytes. This study aimed to explore the effects of different sediments types and species abundance on the growth and root development of submerged macrophytes, and to provide technical parameters for sediment selection and species configuration for the study of submerged macrophyte restoration techniques in eutrophic lakes. The study selected Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara, Potamogeton maackianus A. Bennett, Myriophyllum spicatum L., Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H.St.John), four submerged macrophytes, 11 species combinations were configured according to species abundance (1, 2, 3, 4 species), and four sediments types were selected: without lax layer (a1, a2) and with lax layer (b1, b2), for a total number of 44 treatments (n=11×4). Fourteen growth and root functional traits were measured: above ground biomass, below ground biomass, total biomass, shoot height, maximum root length, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter, total root tip number, number of root branch, number of root cross, root to crown ratio, and root specific surface area. The results showed that (1)the total biomass,below ground biomass, shoot height, maximum root length, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter, total root tip number, root branch number, and root cross number decreased significantly with the increase of submerged macrophyte abundance. (2) total root surface area and total root tip number,were significantly different between sediments types, and most of these traits were significantly higher in the sediment treatment with a lax layer than in the sediment treatment without a lax layer. (3) Among the seven mixed species combinations, M. spicatum competitive ability is stronger in mixed planting than in monoculture at V. natans+M. spicatum, V. natans+M. spicatum+E. nuttallii and V. natans+P. maackianus+M. spicatum+E. nuttallii three mixed combinations, and the competitive ability of V. natans was stronger monocultures than in mixed planting at V. natans+P. maackianus, V. natans+M. spicatum, V. natans+E. nuttallii, V. natans+P. maackianus+M. spicatum, V. natans+P. maackianus+E. nuttallii, V. natans+M. spicatum+E. nuttallii, V. natans+P. maackianus+M. spicatum+E. nuttallii seven mixed combinations, and P. maackianus was stronger monocultures than mixed planting in three mixed combinations, including V. natans+P. maackianus+M. spicatum, V. natans+P. maackianus+E. nuttallii and V. natans+P. maackianus+M. spicatum+E. nuttallii, no significant difference in E. nuttallii. Our study suggests that in the development of submerged macrophyte restoration technology for eutrophic lakes, monoculture submered macrophyte are more appropriate in the early stage of the restoration project, and highlights that lax substrate and the presence of V. natans and M. spicatum are beneficial to the growth and root development of submerged macrophyte communities.