From 2011 to 2020, Three Gorges Reservoir has conducted a total of 14 ecological operation experiments to promote the natural reproduction of the four major species of Chinese carp in the lower reaches of the reservoir. In order to capture the changes in the response to the natural reproduction of pelagic egg-producing fish since the implementation of ecological operation, and to evaluate the contribution of ecological operation to fish reproduction in the middle reaches of Yangtze River, a survey and study of early fish resources was conducted at a fixed collection point in the Shashi section of the middle reaches of Yangtze River from May to July each year. The results were as follows: In the past ten years, 35 species of drifting fish eggs had been collected, among which 25 species were typical drifting egg producing fishes, mainly including Hemiculter bleekeri, Parabramis pekinensis, Squalidus argentatus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Culter alburnus and Parabotia fasciata. The diversity index H, evenness index E and stability index ICV of the fish egg community showed the same trend of first decreasing and then increasing, but the dominance index D was the opposite. The inflection point appeared in 2017,indicating that community diversity tended to increase and community structure tended to stabilize since 2017. In general, the breeding size of fishes producing drift eggs first decreased and then increased, with a significant increase in eight fish groups since 2017. The peak frequency of fish breeding gradually increased, and the period of large-scale breeding gradually extended, indicating that the natural breeding situation of fish tended to be stable. Combined with the ratio of the average daily breeding size of fish in the ecological regulation period and the non-ecological regulation period, it was concluded that the implementation of ecological regulation in other years had played a positive role in promoting the reproduction of drifting egg-producing fish, except that there was no large-scale breeding in the ecological regulation period in 2016 and 2020. It is suggested to strengthen the ecological operation of Three Gorges Reservoir in the future, to design more detailed ecological operation plans that meet the needs of different fish, and to further enhance the contribution of ecological operation to the natural reproduction of fish in the middle reaches of Yangtze River.