Increasing global warming and frequent occurrence of extreme weather and climate events in recent decades have led to significant changes in regional hydrological processes and energy balances, posing a great threat to the survival of human and the sustainable development of societies. Lake level changes in the Tibetan Plateau are extremely sensitive to human activities and climate change responses. Reconstructing the palaeohydrological changes of lakes in the region and exploring their relationship with climate change and human activities are of great significance for properly addressing future climate change on the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we selected Xiada Co at the edge of human activity relic on the western Tibetan Plateau as the research subject, and reconstructed record for paleohydrological fluctuations in the Xiada Co based on %cren by analyzing glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) in lake sediments. Combined with the temperature record reconstructed from GDGTs and human activity proxies by analyzing modern fecal stanol compounds, investigating the impacts of late Holocene hydrologic climate change on human activities in the Xiada Co. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) During 4700-950 cal a BP, Xiada Co has an overall upward trend. There were three higher lake planes observed around 2750 cal a BP, 2220 cal a BP, and 1000 cal a BP. The lake level suddenly lowered around 950 cal a BP and remained low, reaching a minimum at about 300 cal a BP. (2) Hydrological variations over the past 4700 years in the Xiada Co have been largely controlled by changes in the intensity of the Indian summer monsoon, which are closely related to climatic conditions such as precipitation and temperature. (3) Lake level changes in the Xiada Co have greatly impacted human activities, and sharp increases and frequent fluctuations in lake levels may lead to a decrease in the number of people in the watershed. This study can enrich the information of the late Holocene climate and environmental changes in the western part of the TP and provide experience for human beings to respond to future climate change effectively.