| 摘要: |
| 我国城市水源中约40%为湖库，大部分为水库，因此水库水质状况对于我国城市安全极其关键。本文综述了我国水源水库水质问题研究进展，整理分析了22个代表性水源水库周年水质状况，结果发现当前我国城市水源水库水质风险的主要类型包括异味问题、藻类水华、铁锰超标、有机质偏高、营养盐超标等。引发水源水库水质问题的主要成因包括流域开发强度过大、库底淤积及内源释放、生态系统结构失衡、气候与水文条件异常等。在此基础上，提出了构建在线水质监测预警体系、控制流域土地开发强度、构建面源拦截及流域净化系统、疏浚底泥、优化生态系统结构、实施应急曝气与控藻工程、完善流域生态保护法律法规等水源水库水质安全保障技术措施。鉴于水源水库对暴雨、高温热浪等极端气象的响应敏感而复杂，在极端天气事件频发、强度不断增加的气候背景下，还应加强水库生态学基础研究以深入揭示水源水库水质对气候变化的响应机制，进而提高水库水安全保障的科技支撑能力，全方位满足我国城市高质量发展需求。 |
| 关键词: 水源地 水库 嗅味物质 藻类水华 生物操纵 水安全 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(No.41830757)；国家重点研发计划(No.2022YFC3203605)；中国科学院野外站联盟项目(No.KFJ-SW-YW036)，中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所自主部署科研项目（NIGLAS2022GS03） |
|
| Mechanisms and countermeasures of water quality risk in reservoirs using as drinking water sources in China |
|
ZHU Guangwei, XU Hai, ZHU Mengyuan, XIAO Man, GUO Chaoxuan, ZOU Wei
|
|
National Key Laboratory of Lake and Catchment Water Security,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
|
| Abstract: |
| Reservoirs (including lakes) undertake an important role in water source supply to cities in China, which accounts for around 40% of supplies from reservoirs mostly. Therefore, water security is one of the biggest challenges for urban water supply nowadays. Based on the literature on water issues in reservoirs in China, and investigation of yearly water quality of 22 typical reservoirs, we found that the common water quality risks in drinking water source reservoirs include taste & odor issues, cyanobacterial blooms, iron and manganese exceeding standards, as well as organic matter and nutrients exceeding standards. The common reasons causing water quality issues in drinking water reservoirs include over exploitation in catchment, internal loading build-up and internal release, ecosystem imbalance, extreme climatic or hydrological events, and so on. To deal with these water quality issues, practical countermeasures were suggested, which include setup of online monitoring and forecasting system, restrict of development in catchment, buildup of buffer system for non-point source nutrient control, sediment dredging, biomanipulation with fish stock, emergent bloom-control or oxidation engineering, and environmental legislations. Due to the sensitive reactions of water quality to extreme weathers and/or hydrological events, much more research on fundamental ecological mechanisms of reservoirs should be paid attentions to under the warmer and extremer climatic conditions, and further enhancing the scientific support to water safety and sustainable development. |
| Key words: drinking, water source, reservoir, taste and odor, algal bloom, bio-manipulation, water security |
