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| 水下泄洪声对草鱼幼鱼应激反应及生理损伤影响研究 |
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王瑄1, 李晓兵2, 熊亚洲3, 尼玛旦增3, 罗布次仁3, 达瓦3, 王艳4, 何晨睿5, 石小涛6, 刘国勇7
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1.:三峡大学生物与制药学院;2.中水北方勘测设计研究有限公司;3.西藏自治区水利电力规划勘测设计研究院;4.三峡大学土木与建筑学院;5.三峡大学湖北省鱼类过坝技术国际科技合作基地;6.China Three Gorges University;7.三峡大学水利与环境学院
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| 摘要: |
| 水下泄洪声属于水利工程产生的高强度噪音，对鱼类生态具有潜在影响。为探究水下泄洪声对鱼类应激反应及生理损伤的影响，本研究以草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）幼鱼为实验对象，通过在室内和葛洲坝下游1.0 ~ 2.2 km处暴露不同时长（15 min；30 min）和四种声压级（110 dB、120 dB、130 dB、140 dB）的水下泄洪声，对比草鱼幼鱼的应激反应及生理损伤。结果显示：（1）室内播音实验中，在持续暴露15 min的水下泄洪声条件下，草鱼幼鱼的鳃盖搏动率和胸鳍搏动率随声压级的增大先增后减，实验组中皮质醇浓度与对照组有显著差异（P＜0.05），但130dB与140dB实验组下无显著差异（P＞0.05）；在30 min暴露时长下，鳃盖搏动率与声压级呈正相关性，胸鳍搏动率随声压级的增大先增后减，皮质醇浓度在对照组与实验组中有显著差异（P＜0.05）。响应加权值（RWI）与声压级呈现正相关性，但同声压级下不同暴露时长对RWI值无显著差异（P＞0.05）。（2）野外实验组中草鱼幼鱼鳃盖搏动率和胸鳍搏动率、皮质醇浓度均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；RWI与暴露时长、声压级呈显著正相关，且野外条件下草鱼幼鱼的RWI值显著高于室内实验（P＜0.05）。暴露时长15 min时重度损伤占比达到19.92 %，30 min暴露时长下重度损伤占比提升至28.76 %。随着暴露时长的增加，重度损伤占比上升，中度损伤占比下降，轻度损伤上升幅度较小。研究表明：与对照组相比，水下泄洪声增加了草鱼幼鱼的应激反应，高强度水下泄洪声会对鱼类造成生理损伤。本研究结果有助于评估水利工程建设对鱼类生态的影响，为水生生物保护提供科学依据和管理建议。 |
| 关键词: 草鱼 幼鱼 水下泄洪声 应激反应 生理损伤 |
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| 基金项目:(52279069)和湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2023AFA005)联合资助。 |
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| The impact of underwater flood discharge sound on stress response and physiological injury of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)Wang Xuan1,2,Li Xiaobing3,Xiong Yazhou4,Nima Dazeng4,Nibu ciren4,Da Wa4,Wang Yan5,He Chenrui2,Shi Xiaotao2,Liu Guoyong2** |
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Wang Xuan,Li xiaobing,Xiong Yazhou,Nima danzeng,Luobu ciren,Da Wa,wang yan,He chenrui,石小涛,Liu Guoyong
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1.College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University;2.College of Hydraulic and environment engineering,china three gorges university
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| Abstract: |
| The underwater flood discharge noise is a high-intensity noise generated by hydraulic engineering, which has potential impacts on fish ecology. In order to explore the impact of underwater flood discharge noise on fish stress responses and physiological injury. In this study, juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) were exposed to the underwater flood discharge noise for two durations (15 min; 30 min) and four sound pressure levels (110 dB, 120 dB, 130 dB, 140 dB) indoors experiment and 1.0 ~ 2.2 km downstream of Gezhouba to compare the stress response and physiological injury of C. idella juveniles. The results indicate that: (1) In the indoor broadcasting experiment, under the condition of 15-minute exposure to underwater flood discharge noise, the opercular beat rate and pectoral wing rate of C. idella juveniles initially increased and then decreased as the sound pressure level (SPL) increased, there was a significant difference in cortisol concentration between the experimental group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 130dB and 140dB experimental groups (P > 0.05). When the exposure duration was extended to 30 minutes, the opercular beat rate positively correlated with SPL, while the pectoral wing rate initially increased and then decreased with the increase in SPL, there was a significant difference in cortisol concentration between the experimental group and the control group (P ＜ 0.05). The response-weighted index (RWI) positively correlated with SPL, but there was no significant difference in RWI values under different exposure durations at the same SPL (P > 0.05). (2) In the field experimental group, the opercular beat rate, pectoral wing rate and cortisol concentration of juvenile grass carp were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The response weighted index (RWI) showed a significant positive correlation with both exposure duration and sound pressure level. The RWI of C. idella juveniles in the field experiment was significantly higher than that observed in indoor experiments (P < 0.05). When the exposure duration was 15 minutes, the proportion of severe damage reached 19.92 %, and this proportion increased to 28.76 % with a 30-minute exposure duration. With the increase in exposure duration, the proportion of severe injuries rises, while the proportion of moderate injuries declines, and the increase in the proportion of minor injuries is relatively small. Studies have shown that compared with the control group, underwater flood discharge noise increases the stress response of C. idella juveniles and high-intensity underwater flood discharge noise can cause physiological injury to fish. This research contributes to the assessment of the impact of hydropower engineering construction on fish ecology, providing scientific basis and management suggestions for aquatic organism protection. |
| Key words: Ctenopharyngodon idellus Juvenile Underwater flood discharge sound Stress response Physiological injury |
