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| 不同补水方式下鱼道进口诱鱼效果分析 |
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谭均军1, 王德辰1, 王渊洋1, 孙钧键1, 成必新2, 朱冬舟2, 严鑫2, 柯森繁1, 李新宇1, 石小涛1
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1.湖北省鱼类过坝技术国际科技合作基地;2.上海勘测设计研究院有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 设计合理的鱼道进口补水角度及补水流量，营造适宜目标鱼类的水流条件是提高鱼道进口诱鱼效果的重要方式。本研究以短须裂腹鱼（Schizothorax wangchiachii）为实验对象，在2021—2023年开展不同补水方式（补水角度、补水流量）下黑水河松新鱼道进口诱鱼效果评估，结果表明：（1）在所有运行工况下，平行补水时鱼道进口平均吸引效率为26.47%，鱼道进口效率达58.89%；垂直补水时，鱼道吸引效率和进口效率分别为13.11%、56.25%；平行补水的诱鱼效果要略优于垂直补水的效果；（2）两种补水方式下58.50%的实验鱼在夜间到达鱼道进口，高于白天鱼道进口诱鱼效果；（3）为识别影响鱼类吸引时间和鱼道进口效率的关键因素，构建了多因素（昼夜节律、竖缝式鱼道流量、补水流量、实验鱼全长、水温、补水角度）的Cox比例风险回归模型和逻辑回归模型，结果表明：补水流量、补水角度和昼夜节律是影响鱼道进口鱼类吸引时间的主要因素；（4）结合短须裂腹鱼上溯时流量情况，当竖缝式鱼道进水口流量范围在0.16~0.58 m3/s、补水通道进水口流量在0.94~2.42 m3/s时鱼道进口诱鱼效果最佳。本研究结果有助于为引水式水电站过鱼设施的修建以及补水设施设置提供科学支撑。 |
| 关键词: 鱼道进口，补水方式，诱鱼效果，吸引效率 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Study on the efficiency of fishway with different water replenishment methods |
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Tan Junjun,Wang Dechen,Wang Yuanyang,Sun Junjian,Cheng Bixin,Zhu Dongzhou,Yan Xin,Ke Senfan,Li Xinyu,Shi Xiaotao
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Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage,China Three Gorges University
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| Abstract: |
| It is an important way to improve the efficiency of fishway entrance to attract fish by designing water replenishment discharge and the replenishment angle, and creating suitable water flow conditions. This study took Schizothorax wangchiachii as the main fish target and evaluated the attracting effect of the vertical slot fishway with different water replenishment measures in Heishui River based on the monitor data from 2021 to 2023. The results showed that: (1) Under all operating conditions, the attraction and entrance efficiency of the fishway was 26.47% and 58.89% during the parallel replenishment, respectively. However, the attraction and entrance efficiency of the fishway was 13.11% and 56.25% with the vertical replenishment, respectively. The fish attraction effect of parallel replenishment is slightly better than the vertical replenishment; (2) Under the two water replenishment methods, 58.50% of the experimental fish reached the fishway entrance at night, which was higher than the day. (3) In order to identify the key factors that effected on fish attraction time and fishway entrance efficiency, a Cox proportional hazard regression model and a binary logistic regression model were constructed with multiple factors (diel rhythm, discharge of vertical slot fishway, replenishment discharge, total length of Schizothorax wangchiachii, water temperature, and water replenishment angle). The results showed that diel rhythm, replenishment discharge and replenishment angle were the key factors affecting the attracting effect of fish in this fishway; (4) When the vertical slot fishway discharge is 0.16-0.58 m3/s, the range of replenishment discharge is 0.94-2.42 m3/s. The fishway entrance has the best efficiency. The results of this study can provide scientific support for the construction of fish passage facilities and the water replenishment facilities in diversion type hydropower stations. |
| Key words: Fishway entrance water replenishment method attracting effect attraction efficiency |
