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| 基于DNA条形码的长江流域沼序列和形态多样性分析 |
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肖杨1,2, 刘凯3, 王英才2, 刘洋洋3, 周旋2, 梁建奎3, 雷琦2, 李珏纯3, 杨瑞2, 张瑞雷1, 彭玉2
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1.上海海洋大学;2.生态环境部长江流域生态环境监督管理局生态环境监测与科学研究中心;3.中国南水北调集团中线有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 近年来，水利水电工程中暴发了沼蛤污损问题，不同程度影响了水利、水电工程的输水、生产等安全，引起了国内外社会广泛关注。本文研究结果显示沼蛤在长江流域主要分布于四川及以下的低海拔区，四川以上高海拔区未见记录；基于COI和ITS1基因联合构建的系统发育树分析显示，长江流域沼蛤可能存在2个类群，其中COI序列A+T含量（64.6%）显著高于C+G含量（35.4%），种内遗传距离范围为0-0.123；COI序列总单倍型多样性指数（Hd）为0.893，核苷酸多样性指数（Pi）为0.069；ITS1序列A+T含量为（45.3%），C+G含量为（54.7%），种内遗传距离范围为0-0.061；ITS1序列总单倍型多样性指数（Hd）为0.679，核苷酸多样性指数（Pi）为0.028。基于COI基因分析的两个亲缘关系类群间的遗传分化系数（Fst）为0.844，基因差异分化系数（Gst）为0.118；基于ITS1基因分析的相应参数分别为0.927和0.492。基于形态学特征分析显示，长江流域沼蛤的长高比、长宽比和韧带长度差异显著（依次为P<0.001、P<0.005、P<0.001），可明显分成2个类群，且与COI和ITS1基因分析显示的2个类群相对应。基于栖息生境分析显示，长江流域沼蛤类群1主要生活在水流较缓底质以卵石为主的区域，表现为缓流型；类群2主要生活在水流较急底质以泥沙为主的区域，表现为激流型，对环境的适应性更强，分布范围较类群1更广，在传播扩散能力方面表现更强。本研究有助于了解长江流域沼蛤基础生物学信息，可为流域沼蛤的综合防控提供重要参考。 |
| 关键词: 淡水壳菜 COI基因 ITS1基因 形态特征 栖息生境 |
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| Sequence and morphological diversity analysis of Limnoperna fortunei in the Yangtze River Basin based on DNA barcoding |
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Xiao Yang1, Liu Kai, Wang Yingcai, Liu Yangyang, Zhou Xuan, Liang Jiankui, Lei Qi, Li Juechun, Yang Rui, Zhang Ruilei2, Peng Yu3
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1.: Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment,Shanghai Ocean University;2.:Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment,Shanghai Ocean University;3.Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment
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| Abstract: |
| In recent years, the problem of biological fouling by Limnoperna fortune (Dunker, 1857) has occurred in water resources and hydraulic engineering, which has affected the safety of water transmission and production of water conservancy and hydropower projects to varying degrees, and has attracted extensive attention from the domestic and foreign communities. This study showed that L. fortunei in the Yangtze River Basin was mainly distributed in the low altitude area of Sichuan and below, and no record was found in the high altitude area above Sichuan. Phylogenetic tree analysis utilizing COI and ITS1 genes revealed two groups of L. fortunei in the Yangtze River Basin. The A+T content of COI sequences was notably higher at 64.6% compared to the C+G content at 35.4%, with intraspecific genetic distances ranging from 0 to 0.123. The total haplotype diversity index (Hd) for COI sequences was 0.893, and the nucleotide diversity index (Pi) was 0.069. For the ITS1 sequences, the A+T content was 45.3% and the C+G content was 54.7%, with intraspecific genetic distances ranging from 0 to 0.061. The total haplotype diversity index (Hd) for ITS1 sequences was 0.679, and the nucleotide diversity index (Pi) was 0.028. Genetic differentiation analysis based on the COI gene yielded a coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) of 0.844 and a coefficient of differential gene differentiation (Gst) of 0.118 between the two related groups. Similarly, analysis based on the ITS1 gene resulted in a coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) of 0.927 and a coefficient of differential gene differentiation (Gst) of 0.492. The morphological characteristics and habitat analysis showed that there were significant differences in the morphological characteristics and habitats of the two ecotypes of L. fortunei in the Yangtze River basin, which can be clearly divided into two groups, corresponding to the two groups shown in COI and ITS1 gene analysis (Group 1 and Group 2). The length-height ratio, length-width ratio and ligament length of the two groups were significantly different (P<0.001, P<0.005, P<0.001, respectively). Group 1 mainly lived in the areas with slow flow and pebble-based bottom, showing a slow flow type. Group 2 mainly lived in the areas with fast flow and sand-based bottom, showing a rapid flow type, which had stronger adaptability to the environment, and its distribution range was wider than that of Group 1. This study helps to understand the basic biological information of L. fortunei in the Yangtze River basin, and provides a reference for the comprehensive prevention and control of L. fortunei in the basin. |
| Key words: Limnoperna fortunei COI Gene ITS1 Gene morphological characteristics habitat |
