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| 云贵高原典型贫营养深水湖浮游植物群落结构时空特征及其环境驱动因子 |
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鲍乾1, 贺海波2, 唐皓1, 唐小燕1, 李秀双1, 丁洋1, 赵敏2
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1.四川师范大学;2.中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室
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| 摘要: |
| 浮游植物作为水体中的主要初级生产者，是水生生态系统中重要的生物组分，对水环境变化具有显著的指示作用。高原贫营养深水湖由于其水生生态系统较为脆弱，浮游植物对环境的变化更为敏感。为探究云贵高原典型贫营养深水湖泸沽湖浮游植物群落结构时空特征及其与环境因子的关系，本研究于2023年的4个季节分别对5种土地利用类型下的草海、普洛村、洛水村、达祖村和女神湾湖区的湖水理化性质和浮游植物种类、细胞密度及群落结构等进行了调查。结果显示，泸沽湖水体整体处于贫营养状态，湿地近岸的草海湖区总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、硝态氮（NO3--N）等营养盐浓度显著高于其他湖区。浮游植物共鉴定出8门119种，种类数和细胞密度最多的均为硅藻门。浮游植物优势种为5门15种，以硅藻门和蓝藻门为主；其中，脆杆藻（Fragilaria sp.）为春季和秋季关键优势种，锥囊藻（Dinobryon sp.）为夏季关键优势种。各湖区浮游植物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数普遍较低，表明泸沽湖浮游植物群落结构较为简单，对外部和内部环境变化的抵抗能力较弱。Pearson相关性分析表明，泸沽湖Chl.a）和浮游植物细胞密度的主要环境影响因子为TN、TP和NO3--N；冗余分析表明，浮游植物关键优势种的主要环境驱动因子为WT、TN、NO3--N、NH3-N和DP；而Mantel检验分析显示，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别与TN、NO3--N、DP呈极显著或显著正相关。综上，NO3--N、TN、TP和DP可能在驱动泸沽湖浮游植物生物量和群落结构变化中发挥着关键作用。本研究揭示了不同土地利用类型下典型高原贫营养深水湖泸沽湖浮游植物群落结构的时空分布特征及驱动因素，能够为该类型湖泊保护和管理提供科学支撑。 |
| 关键词: 浮游植物 群落结构 时空特征 环境因子 泸沽湖 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42307351）、西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室开放基金项目（TDSYS202309）和环境地球化学国家重点实验室开放基金项目（SKLEG2024208）和 |
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| Spatial and temporal characteristics of phytoplankton community structure and their driving environmental factors in a typical oligotrophic deepwater lake on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau |
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Baoqian,haibo He,hao Tang,xiaoyan Tang,xiushuang Li,yang Ding,min Zhao
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State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Phytoplankton, as the leading primary producer in the water, is an essential component of the aquatic ecosystem and has a significant indicative effect on changes in the aquatic environment. The aquatic ecosystems of plateau oligotrophic deepwater lakes are more fragile, and the phytoplankton in the lakes are more sensitive to changes in the environment. To investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure in Lake Lugu, a typical oligotrophic deepwater lake in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and its relationship with environmental factors, the present study investigated the physicochemical properties of the lake water and the phytoplankton species, cell densities, and community structure in the lake of Caohai, Puluo Village, Luoshui Village, Dazu Village, and the Goddess Bay under the five land-use types in the four seasons of 2023, respectively. The results showed that the water of Lake Lugu as a whole is in a nutrient-poor state, and the concentration of nutrient, such as total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in the Caohai near the shore of the wetland is significantly higher than that in the other lake areas. A total of 119 phytoplankton was identified in 8 phyla, and the Bacillariophyta had the highest number of species and cell density. The dominant species of phytoplankton were 15 species from 5 phyla, dominated by Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta; among them, Fragilaria sp. was the key dominant species in spring and autumn, and Dinobryon sp. was the key dominant species in summer. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou evenness index of the phytoplankton communities in each lake area were generally low, indicating that the structure of the phytoplankton community in Lake Lugu is relatively simple, and the resistance to external and internal environmental changes is weaker. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that the main environmental influence factors of Chl.a and phytoplankton cell density were TN, TP and NO3--N, and redundancy analysis indicated that the main environmental drivers of key dominant species of phytoplankton were WT, TN, NO3--N, NH3-N, and DP, while Mantel test analysis showed that Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index were highly significant or significantly positively correlated with TN, NO3--N, and DP, respectively. In summary, NO3--N, TN, TP, and DP may play a key role in driving the changes in phytoplankton biomass and community structure in Lake Lugu. This study revealed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and driving factors of the phytoplankton community in Lake Lugu, a typical plateau oligotrophic deepwater lake, under different land uses, which can provide scientific support for the protection and management of this type of lake. |
| Key words: phytoplankton community structure spatial and temporal characteristics environmental factors Lake Lugu |
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