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| 基于Sentinel-1卫星遥感的长江中游饮用水源地水库水域范围及面积变化（2018-2021年）：突变检测与原因探讨 |
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廖一彪1, 丁鑫2, 项思语3, 陈健1, 曾繁轩4, 宋春桥4
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1.南京信息工程大学遥感与测绘工程学院;2.河海大学地理与遥感学院;3.南京外国语学校;4.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与流域水安全全国重点实验室
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| 摘要: |
| 武汉至湖口左岸流域，作为长江中游关键三级子流域之一，地跨武汉市、孝感市、黄冈市、随州市等多个地级市，覆盖了庞大的人口群体。确保流域内居民饮用水安全，是关乎民生福祉的重要任务。水域面积动态直接反映水量保障状况，水库水域面积变化精细监测有助于准确掌握和有效分配水资源，也关系库区水生态环境保护和水灾害防患。本研究利用Sentinel-1A/B双星的时序雷达影像数据和Edge Otsu水域信息遥感提取算法，对武汉至湖口左岸流域内饮用水源地水库2018至2021年期间水域面积进行了时序精细提取。精度评价结果显示水库水域面积提取总体精度达0.95以上。在本研究中，我们使用了PELT(Pruned Exact Linear Time)突变检测算法，探测2018至2021年期间该流域内饮用水源地水库水域面积时序突变（短时间内剧烈变化，超出正常季节性波动和随机变化范围）特征。结果表明：水域面积在2018年至2019年期间整体呈现萎缩状态，流域内饮用水源地水库水域总体面积萎缩约33%；在2019年10月至2020年6月期间，水域面积保持在较低的稳定水平；自2020年7月开始，水域面积迅速增加，并在接下来的数月内恢复到2018年水域面积高位状态，随后持续出现波动。本研究进一步探讨了水源地水库水域突变背后的驱动因素。利用标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）的对比分析表明，流域在经历了从2018年至2019年的轻微至严重的干旱，以及2020年的湿润事件后，水域面积发生了先急剧萎缩后快速扩张的显著变化。该研究不仅表明了Sentinel-1双星组网观测对水源地水库水域变化的大范围监测能力，尤其是在快速精准捕捉其响应外部环境突变特征的有效性；同时也突出了在气候变化和极端事件影响下加强水源地水库的精细化监测和管理的重要性和紧迫性。研究结果为水资源管理和生态保护提供了科学依据，有助于优化水资源分配和水灾害防范，确保区域饮用水资源安全。 |
| 关键词: Sentinel-1 突变检测 饮用水源地 水域提取 驱动力分析 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Sentinel-1 observation of Drinking water source reservoir inundation dynamics in the Middle Yangtze River (2018-2021): detecting abrupt changes and causes |
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Liao Yibiao,Ding Xin,xiangsiyu,Chen Jian,zeng Fanxuan,宋春桥
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1.School of Remote Sensing and Surveying Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Technology;2.State Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security，Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology , Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| The left bank watershed from Wuhan to Hukou, as one of the key three-tier sub-basins in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, This catchment"s boundary encompasses several major urban centers, including Wuhan, Xiaogan, Huanggang, and Suizhou, and provides vital water resources to a substantial population. Consequently, ensuring the safety and security of drinking water for both human consumption and livestock welfare is of paramount importance. The dynamic changes in water area directly reflect the water supply situation. Precise monitoring of the water area in reservoirs is crucial for accurately managing and effectively allocating water resources, as well as protecting the water ecological environment and preventing water disasters. This study utilizes the time series radar images from Sentinel-1A/B and the Edge Otsu water area extraction algorithm to monitor the water area changes in the drinking water source reservoirs within the catchment from 2018 to 2021. The accuracy evaluation results indicate that the overall precision of water area extraction exceeds 0.95. In this study, we employed the PELT (Pruned Exact Linear Time) mutation detection algorithm to identify abrupt temporal changes (drastically changed, exceeding normally seasonal variations) in the water area of drinking water source reservoirs within the basin from 2018 to 2021. The results show that from 2018 to 2019, the water areas of the reservoirs in the basin shrank by approximately 33%. From October 2019 to June 2020, the water areas remained at a relatively low and stable level. Starting from July 2020, the water areas rapidly increased and recovered to the high levels seen in 2018, followed by continued fluctuations. Further analysis using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) revealed that the basin experienced a drought event from 2018 to 2019, followed by a wet event in 2020. These climatic conditions were associated with the observed significant changes in water area. This study demonstrates the capability of Sentinel-1 dual satellite observations to monitor large-scale changes in water areas, particularly in capturing rapid and precise responses to environmental changes. Our findings underscore the importance and urgency of enhancing the fine-scale monitoring and management of water source reservoirs under the influence of climate change and extreme events. The results provide a scientific basis for improving water resource management and ecological protection, optimizing water resource allocation, and ensuring the security of regional drinking water resources. |
| Key words: Sentinel-1 Abrupt change detection Drinking water source Watershed extraction Driving force analysis |
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