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| 禁渔初期鄱阳湖子湖浮游动物群落季节演替特征及影响因素 |
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张诗苑1, 徐志文2, 龚磊强2, 罗浩2, 余定坤2, 孙敏芳1, 商静雯1, 秦海明1
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1.曲阜师范大学生命科学学院 曲阜;2.江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区管理局 南昌
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| 摘要: |
| 2021年1月1日,长江流域实施为期十年的全面禁渔,本研究于2022年7月、10月及2023年1月、4月、7月在鄱阳湖保护区的两个碟形子湖——沙湖和大湖池进行浮游动物定量调查研究,目的在于探究“禁渔”初期浮游动物的群落季节演替特征及其影响因素。调查期间共发现浮游动物82种,分别包括61种轮虫,11种枝角类和10种桡足类。五个季节的共有物种为10种,其中螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、跨立小剑水蚤(Microcyclops varicans)和广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)属于优势物种。自2022年夏季至2023年夏季,沙湖和大湖池浮游动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的季节变化特征均为先下降后上升。浮游动物的丰度和生物量均呈现春冬季低、夏秋季高的特点,且差异显著(P<0.05)。多维无度量排序(NMDS)和聚类分析结果表明浮游动物的群落可明显区分为5个:22年夏季群落、22年秋季群落、22年冬季群落、23年春季群落和23年夏季群落,其中22年冬季群落和23年春季群落相似性较高,22年夏季群落和23年夏季群落相似性较高。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明水环境因子可以解释87.2%的浮游动物变化率,进一步的蒙特卡罗检验(Monte Carlo test)结果揭示水温、浊度和溶解氧对浮游动物的群落结构具有显著影响(P<0.05)。研究发现极端干旱事件导致鄱阳湖子湖浮游动物的群落稳定性明显降低。对比分析禁渔前(2020年)和禁渔后(2022年)浮游动物的现存量发现,禁渔初期浮游动物的丰度和生物量有一定程度减少。 |
| 关键词: 浮游动物 群落演替 季节动态 禁渔措施 碟形子湖 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金 (31560133) 资助. |
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| Seasonal succession characteristics of zooplankton community in sub-lakes of Poyang and influencing factors during early fishing ban period |
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Zhang Shiyuan1, Xu Zhiwen, Gong Leiqiang, Luo Hao, Yu Dingkun, Sun Minfang, Shang Jingwen, Qin Haiming2
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1.Qufu Normal University,School of Life Science;2.Qufu Normal University, School of Life Science
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| Abstract: |
| s: In lake ecosystems, zooplanktons serve as a link connecting primary producers and secondary consumers. They play an important role in facilitating the circulation of materials and the flow of energy in aquatic ecosystems. The composition and dynamic of zooplankton communities shift across different environments. The present study aims to understand the seasonal succession characteristics of zooplankton community structure and its influencing factors during early fishing ban period. As the largest freshwater lake in China, Poyang Lake is also a focal area for the implementation of fishing ban policy. In this study, 5 times Zooplankton quantitative surveys were performed in July, October 2022 and January, April, July 2023 in Shahu and Dahuchi, which are two shallow dished sub-lakes of Jiangxi Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve. A total of 82 species of zooplankton, including 61 species of rotifers, 11 species of cladocerans, and 10 species of copepods were identified during the survey period. In 5 seasons, the numbers of shared species are 10. Among them, Keratella cochlearis, Asplanchna priodonta, Polyarthra trigla, Microcyclops varicans and Mesocyclops leuckarti are dominant species. From summer 2022 to summer 2023, the seasonal variety trends of Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of zooplankton first decreased and then increased. The one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in zooplankton abundance and biomass in 5 seasons (P<0.05). The zooplankton abundance and biomass are lower in spring and winter, and higher in summer and autumn. The clustering of zooplankton communities by Bray-Curtis similarity measure and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) revealed that the zooplankton was clearly divided into 5 communities: summer 2022 community, autumn 2022 community, winter 2022 community, spring 2023 community and summer 2023 community. The winter 2022 community shows a high level of similarity with the spring 2023 community, and the summer 2022 community shows a high level of similarity with the summer 2023 community. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that environmental factors explained 87.2% of the variation in zooplankton. Monte Carlo tests revealed that water temperature, turbidity and dissolved oxygen have significantly impacts on zooplankton community structure changes (P<0.05). The study revealed that extreme drought events have significantly reduced the community stability of zooplankton organisms in the sub-lakes of Poyang Lake. There was a noticeable decrease in abundance and biomass of zooplankton organisms before and after fishing ban. |
| Key words: zooplankton community structure seasonal dynamics fishing ban policy Poyang Lake |
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