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| 禁捕初期鄱阳湖江湖通道鱼类早期资源时空特征 |
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沈迎东1, 王银平2, 华忠2, 余进祥3, 王生4, 葛坤5, 杨彦平2, 王慧1, 刘凯2
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1.南京农业大学无锡渔业学院;2.中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心;3.江西省水生生物保护救助中心;4.上海海洋大学，水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心;5.上海海洋大学
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| 摘要: |
| 为了解禁捕初期鄱阳湖江湖通道鱼类早期资源现状，于2023年4月5日-8月21日在鄱阳湖江湖通道逐日开展仔稚鱼调查。结果显示，调查期间共采集仔稚鱼142054尾，鉴定出仔稚鱼38种，隶属于7目9科；其中优势种6种，刀鲚（Coilia nasus）为第1优势种，其仔稚鱼丰度相比禁捕前恢复明显，其余优势种依次为贝氏?（Hemiculter bleekeri）、子陵吻虾虎鱼（Rhinogobius giurinus）、?（Hemiculter leucisculus）、飘鱼（Pseudolaubuca sinensis）、银鲴（Xenocypris argentea）。调查期间，仔稚鱼丰度高峰期出现在7月，7月21日达到峰值，为11476 ind/100m3。空间差异分析结果显示，南岸仔稚鱼丰度显著大于北岸和河道中心（P<0.05）。冗余分析表明，浊度、流速和水位是影响仔稚鱼丰度的主要环境因子，其中浊度与仔稚鱼丰度呈显著正相关关系（P<0.01）。依据亲鱼洄游习性分类，仔稚鱼主要以淡水定居性鱼类为主，物种数和数量占比分别为76.32%和68.29%；依据产卵方式分类，仔稚鱼以产漂流性卵鱼类为主，物种数和数量占比分别为47.37%和48.94%。研究表明，鄱阳湖江湖通道仔稚鱼种类较为丰富，但主要以小型鱼类为主，仔稚鱼平均丰度整体表现为南岸（1744 ind/100m3）大于北岸（431 ind/100m3）和河道中心（259 ind/100m3）。本次调查成果补充了长江十年禁渔后鄱阳湖江湖通道鱼类早期资源基础数据，为鄱阳湖鱼类资源养护和多样性保护提供了科学支撑。 |
| 关键词: 长江禁捕 江湖通道 仔稚鱼 时空特征 环境因子 |
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| 基金项目:江西省重点水域长颌鲚重要栖息地调查项目、中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助（2023TD11）和农业农村部财政专项“长江禁捕后常态化监测”专项联合资助。 |
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| Spatial and temporal characteristics of the early resources of fish in the river-lake corridor of Poyang Lake at the beginning of the fishing ban |
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shenyingdong,wangyinping,huazhong,yujinxiang,wangsheng,gekun,yangyanping,wanghui,liukai
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1.Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China;2.Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization
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| Abstract: |
| In order to understand the status of early fish resources in the river and lake channel of Poyang Lake during the early period of fishing ban, the survey of juvenile fish was carried out day by day from 5th April to 21st August 2023 in the river and lake channel of the lake mouth of Poyang Lake. The results showed that a total of 142,054 juveniles were collected during the survey period, and 38 species of juveniles were identified, belonging to 7 orders and 9 families; among them, there were 6 dominant species, with Coilia nasus as the first dominant species, which recovered remarkably after the ban on fishing, and the rest of the dominant species in order of predominance were Hemiculter bleekeri, and the other species. Rhinogobius giurinus, Hemiculter leucisculus, Pseudolaubuca sinensis, and Xenocypris argentea. During the survey period, smolts were mainly concentrated in July, and smolt abundance peaked on 21 July at 11,476 ind/100m3. The results of spatial difference analysis showed that the abundance of larvae was significantly greater (P<0.05) on the south bank than on the north bank and at the central sampling site. Redundancy analysis showed that turbidity, flow velocity and water level were the main environmental factors affecting the abundance of juvenile fishes, among which turbidity was significantly and positively correlated with the abundance of juvenile fishes (P<0.05). According to the migratory habits of the parents, the fish were mainly freshwater sedentary fish, with 76.32% and 68.29% of the species and number, respectively; according to the spawning mode of the parents, the fish were mainly drift-spawning fish, with 47.37% and 48.94% of the species and number, respectively. The study showed that the fish species in Hukou were relatively abundant, but mainly consisted of small fishes, and the average abundance of juvenile fish was greater on the south bank (1744 ind/100m3) than on the north bank (431 ind/100m3) and in the centre of the sampling site (259 ind/100m3). The results of this survey supplemented the basic data of early fish resources in the lake mouth of Poyang Lake after the ban on fishing in the Yangtze River, and provided a scientific basis for the protection of fish diversity. |
| Key words: Yangtze River fishing ban kangaroo channel juvenile fish spatial and temporal characteristics environmental factors |
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