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| 青海湖湖冰在积雪及沙尘覆盖下的变化差异及分析 |
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富翔1, 李志军1, 李春江2, 霍璞真1, 解飞1
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1.大连理工大学;2.内蒙古科技大学
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| 摘要: |
| 基于2022年2月5日于青海湖开展的冰封期湖泊气—冰—水原位观测试验，分析积雪、沙尘及裸冰面情况下的青海湖湖冰变化过程的差异。结果表明:2月处于湖冰发展稳定期，最大冰厚为36.5 cm，最大雪深10.4 cm，雪深的增加显著降低了冰厚生长速率；湖冰反照率日变化形态呈“U”型，早晚高，午时低，积雪覆盖时反照率最大为0.61，而沙尘及裸冰面情况下反照率分别降至0.27和0.16，太阳净辐射强度也随反照率变化相应改变；冰温对气温的敏感程度随深度增加而逐渐减低，日变化幅度减小，滞后时间也随之增加；裸冰面时气温与冰内温度相关系数高达0.93，但积雪存在时降低了气温与冰温间的相关性，且雪深越大，相关性越低。沙尘对太阳辐射呈现高吸收特性，加速了积雪的变质与融化，促进了气温对冰温的控制作用。强风导致冰面积雪沙尘重新分配，间接影响冰温变化；冰内垂向传导热通量的变化与冰温近似，随深度增加热通量降低，日变化幅度减小。裸冰面时传导热通量与其日变化幅度均大于积雪覆盖阶段，太阳辐射的昼夜交替影响上层冰温，传导热通量方向随之发生翻转。青海湖作为青藏高原最大的湖泊，对高原气候及水资源平衡产生深远影响，本研究丰富了青海湖冰封期的湖冰变化实测资料，为高原湖泊模式细化与参数化改进奠定基础。 |
| 关键词: 青海湖 湖冰 积雪 沙尘 冰水温度场 冰内垂向传导热通量 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金委联合创新基金项目(U23A2012)资助 |
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| Variation and analysis of lake ice under snow and sand cover in Qinghai Lake |
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Fu Xiang1, Li Zhijun1, Li Chunjiang2, Huo Puzhen1, Xie Fei1
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1.State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Dalian University of Technology;2.School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology
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| Abstract: |
| Based on the in-situ observation of air-ice-water in Qinghai Lake during the ice-covered period on February 5, 2022, the differences of lake ice variation process in Qinghai Lake under snow, dust, and bare ice conditions were analyzed. The results show that the lake ice development was stable in February, the maximum ice thickness was 36.5cm, the maximum snow depth was 10.4cm, the increase of snow depth will significantly reduce the ice thickness growth rate. The daily variation of lake ice albedo was shown ‘U’ shaped, which was higher in the morning and evening and lower at noon. The albedo of the snow-covered was the largest, with the average value of 0.61, and the albedo under dust and bare ice conditions respectively decreased to 0.27 and 0.16. The net solar radiation also changed with the change of albedo. With the increase of depth, the sensitivity of ice temperature to air temperature gradually decreased, the daily variation decreased, and the lag time increases. The correlation coefficient between air temperature and ice temperature in bare ice was 0.93. The existence of snow reduced the correlation between air temperature and ice temperature, and the thicker of snow, the lower of correlation. Dust had the high absorption characteristic of solar radiation, accelerated the metamorphism and melting of snow and promoted the control of air temperature on ice temperature. The strong wind led to redistribution of snow and dust on ice surface, which indirectly affected the change of ice temperature. The variation of vertical conduction heat flux in the lake ice was similar to that of ice temperature. The heat flux decreased and the daily variation decreased with depth increased. In the bare ice stage, both the value and the daily variation amplitude of the conducted heat flux were greater than that in the snow-covered stage. The diurnal alternations of solar radiation affected the upper ice temperature, and the direction of conduction heat flux reversed accordingly. As the largest lake on the Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Lake has a profound impact on the plateau climate and water resource balance. This study has enriched the measured data of lake ice changes during the freezing period of Qinghai Lake, and provided the foundation for the refinement and parameterization improvement of lake models. |
| Key words: Qinghai Lake lake ice snow dust ice-water temperature field vertical conduction heat flux in ice layer |
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