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| 声电标记技术在鱼类保护研究中的应用进展 |
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李敏讷1, 王 妍1, 包春鹏1, 郭志杰2, 徐勖1, 陈小龙1, 柯森繁1, 林晨宇1, 谭均军1, 石小涛1
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1.(1：三峡大学，三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心，宜昌443002) (2：三峡大学，湖北省鱼类过坝技术国际科技合作基地，宜昌443002);2.(3：湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院有限公司，武汉，430070)
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| 摘要: |
| 随着水资源开发、水体污染、过度捕捞等人类活动的加剧，鱼类多样性及数量呈现严重下降趋势，如何系统监测鱼类应对变化环境时的运动行为及内在生理响应，科学解析其行为响应与环境要素之间的关联，塑造以鱼类生态需求为核心的生境要素条件，对于鱼类资源可持续性保护至关重要。声电标记系统的发展为鱼类保护研究提供了科学的技术手段，不同功能的标记可通过植入鱼体内或附着于体表，实现对其运动行为或生境信息的系统监测。本文系统梳理了目前应用于鱼类保护研究中常见的声电标记信息，按照其不同的功能分为短程编码识别计数类、空间寻踪定位类、生理状态测定类及环境信息记录类四类标记。首先介绍了不同功能标记的基本信息，然后分别阐述了不同功能声电标记在过鱼设施效果监测、鱼类运动追踪、生理状态测定及生境信息调查中的具体应用及其研究进展，最后基于目前的应用现状，对声电标记技术在鱼类保护中亟待解决的技术难题及未来发展方向进行了展望。本文旨在总结梳理声电标记技术在鱼类保护研究中的应用现状与发展趋势，以期为水生态系统保护提供科学技术指导。 |
| 关键词: 声电标记 过鱼效率 定位追踪 生理特性 环境信息 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(51922065)、三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF2022-10)、四川大学-山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室开放基金(SKHL2424)和中国三峡建工（集团）有限公司科研项目(合同编号：JG/18056B，JG/18057B) |
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| Advances in the application of acoustic and electronic tagging technology in fish conservation research |
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Li Minne1, Wang Yan1, Bao Chunpeng1, Guo Zhijie, Xu Xu, Chen Xiaolong, Ke Senfan2, Lin Chenyu2, Tan Junjun, Shi Xiaotao1
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1.(1: Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R.China) (2: Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R.China);2.: Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University
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| Abstract: |
| With the intensification of anthropogenic disturbances, such as water resource development, water pollution, and overfishing, fish diversity and population abundance have significantly declined, posing a severe threat to aquatic ecosystems. Systematic monitoring of fish movement behavior and physiological responses to environmental changes, along with the scientific analysis of the relationship between behavioral responses and environmental factors, is critical for designing habitat conditions centered on the ecological needs of fish species. This is essential for advancing fish conservation research. The development of acoustic and electronic tagging systems has provided a robust scientific tool for fish conservation studies. These tags, with diverse functionalities, can be implanted in fish bodies or attached externally to enable systematic monitoring of fish movement behavior and habitat information. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the acoustic and electronic tags commonly used in fish conservation research, classifying them into four categories based on their functions: short-range coded identification and counting tags, spatial tracking and positioning tags, physiological state monitoring tags, and environmental data logging tags. First, the fundamental features and technical principles of these tags are introduced. Then, the applications and research progress of each tag type are discussed in detail, focusing on areas such as fish passage efficiency monitoring, fish movement tracking, physiological state assessment, and habitat information evaluation. Finally, the existing challenges and future development directions of acoustic and electronic tagging technologies in fish conservation are highlighted based on the current state of applications. This study aims to systematically summarize the application status and developmental trends of acoustic and electronic tagging technologies in fish conservation research, providing scientific and technical guidance for aquatic ecosystem protection. |
| Key words: acoustic and electronic tag fish passage efficiency position tracking physiological characteristics environmental information |
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