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| 人工繁育中华鲟成体在长江口放流后可以进行溯河洄游 |
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郑跃平, 杨海乐, 徐嘉楠, 范厚勇, 倪春华, 彭树才
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上海市水生野生动植物保护研究中心
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| 摘要: |
| 作为长江旗舰物种，中华鲟自葛洲坝截流以来种群锐减，目前其自然繁殖已中断多年，洄游繁殖群体规模不足20尾，野外种群存续岌岌可危。开展中华鲟人工繁育放流是目前维持中华鲟野外种群的关键措施，也可为修复中华鲟关键生境功能、推动中华鲟野外可持续种群重建创造时间窗口。在当前的放流实践中，放流对象包括稚幼鱼、亚成体和成体，放流地点包括了从葛洲坝下的长江中游一直到长江口的众多点位，而根据洄游物种洄游导航的相关理论假设，放流应该规范为在产卵场放流仔稚鱼，该实践与理论的冲突是当前中华鲟放流中的重要争议点之一。针对该问题——未在仔稚鱼时期经历从产卵场到海洋的降河洄游过程的中华鲟，在其性成熟后是否能够进行溯河洄游找到产卵场？本研究分析了在长江口开展的中华鲟放流实验，及其中用卫星标记（PAT）监测的人工繁育中华鲟成体及亚成体放流后的迁移状况。结果显示，2004—2021年在长江口共放流中华鲟13204尾，其中人工繁育中华鲟成体、亚成体（3龄以上）665尾，有PAT标志的71尾，监测回收PAT标志信息42份，分析发现获得有效监测信息的21尾10龄及以上放流中华鲟中，有3尾出现了沿长江溯河洄游的行为。该结果或可说明仔稚鱼时期经历从产卵场到海洋的降河洄游过程并非中华鲟性成熟后进行溯河洄游的必要条件。为了进一步确认该结论、弄清放流后的溯河洄游过程，还需要开展更精细的实验研究。 |
| 关键词: 中华鲟 种群重建 长江口 人工放流 溯河洄游 |
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| Artificially bred adult Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) can migrate upstream along the Yangtze River after being released into the Yangtze River Estuary |
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Zheng Yueping, Yang Haile, Xu Jianan, Fan Houyong, Ni Chunhua, Peng Shucai
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Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Conservation and Research Center
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| Abstract: |
| The Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), a flagship species of the Yangtze River, has suffered a dramatic population decline after the construction of the Gezhouba Dam. Currently, its natural reproduction has been disrupted for several years, with the migratory breeding group less than 20 individuals, placing the survival of the natural population in jeopardy. The release of artificially bred individuals has become a crucial measure to sustain the Chinese sturgeon population and facilitate its sustainable population recovery in the wild. However, the current approach to selecting release candidates and locations remains somewhat arbitrary. A fundamental question remains unresolved: Can Chinese sturgeons that have not undergone the downstream migration process from spawning grounds to the ocean during their larval and juvenile stages successfully initiate reproductive migration and navigate back to the spawning grounds on reaching sexual maturity? To investigate this, the current study analyzed release experiments involving Chinese sturgeons in the Yangtze River Estuary. In these experiments, we employed satellite tagging (Pop-up Archival Tags, PAT) to track the artificially bred adult and sub-adult Chinese sturgeons" migration patterns. The findings indicate that, from 2004 to 2021, a total of 13204 Chinese sturgeons (including natural individuals and artificially bred individuals) were released into the Yangtze River Estuary, in which there were 665 artificially bred adult and sub-adult Chinese sturgeons (aged over three years). Of these, 71 were equipped with PAT tags, and data from 42 of these tags were successfully retrieved. Crucially, among the 21 individuals older than 10 years with valid PAT monitoring data, three exhibited upstream migration behavior along the Yangtze River. These findings suggest that the downstream migration experience during early life stages may not be a prerequisite for upstream migration in sexually mature Chinese sturgeons. To further validate this conclusion and gain a deeper understanding of the breeding migration process following release, more rigorous and detailed experimental research is urgently needed. |
| Key words: Acipenser sinensis population reconstruction Yangtze River Estuary artificial release anadromous migration |
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