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| 松嫩平原高氟区水库地表水氟污染特征与风险评价 |
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戴星1, 谢晓琳1, 钱锋1, 孙晨1, 金喆1, 孙述海2, 宋永会1
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1.中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室;2.长春工程学院水利与环境工程学院
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| 摘要: |
| 松嫩平原受地质和气候等因素控制，区域地下水含氟量普遍较高。尽管近些年围绕高氟地下水的研究大幅增加，但针对平原内大型水库中氟的地球化学背景、动态演变规律及潜在的生态健康风险，尚缺乏全面系统的认识。本研究综合诸如数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、端元图分析、PHREEQC水文地球化学模拟，以及生态与健康风险评价模型等多种方法和手段，深入探究向海水库高氟区成因、科学评估生态与健康风险。研究结果显示，向海水库地表水国控断面水质为Ⅴ类，地表水F?浓度介于0.69 ~ 3.68 mg/L，平均浓度达1.87 mg/L，超出我国《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838—2002）Ⅴ类水体所设定的氟化物浓度规定限值（1.50 mg/L），归类为高氟地表水；时空维度上，F-浓度呈现出西南部一场泡显著高于东北部二场泡的分布趋势；区域地表水化学特征主要为HCO3-Na、HCO3-Na·Ca和HCO3-Na·Mg型；氟的富集主要归因于蒸发浓缩、矿物的沉淀溶解以及阳离子交换作用的影响；从生态风险评估视角，向海水库被界定为氟生态中风险区域，意味着该区生态系统面临一定程度的氟污染威胁；健康风险评价结果显示，无论是儿童还是成人，均受到氟暴露带来的健康风险影响，且儿童面临的风险显著高于成人。 |
| 关键词: 松嫩平原 高氟区水库 氟浓度 分布特征 生态健康风险 |
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| 基金项目:国家科技攻关计划 |
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| Fluorine pollution characteristics and risk assessment of reservoirs surface water in high fluorine areas of Songnen Plain |
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Dai Xing1, Xie Xiaolin1, Qian Feng1, Sun Chen1, Jin Zhe1, Sun Shuhai2, Song Yonghui1
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1.state key Laboratory of Environmental benchmarking and risk Assessment,Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences;2.school of Water Conservancy and Environmental Engineering,Changchun Institute of Engineering
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| Abstract: |
| Songnen Plain is controlled by geological structure, climate and other factors, and the fluorine content of groundwater in the region is generally high. In recent years, a huge number of researches have been put in practice based on high-fluorine groundwater, however, comprehensive understanding of the geochemical background in there is scarce, evolution trend and ecological health risks of fluorine in large reservoirs in the high-fluorine area of Songnen Plain likewise. Mechanisms of action and transport of fluorine ion (F-) in surface water of Xianghai Reservoir was analyzed using various methodologies, including mathematical statistics, the Piper three-line diagram, the Gibbs diagram, end-member analysis, PHREEQC hydrogeochemical simulations, as well as risk assessment models for ecological and health. Showing the results is that the concentration range of F- in the surface water of Xianghai Reservoir is 0.69 ~ 3.68 mg/L, and the average concentration is 1.87 mg/L, comparing with the concentration limit of 1.50 mg/L stipulated in China"s Surface Water quality Standard (GB 3838—2002) is higher, set by Class V. The surface water in this region is characterized by high fluorine content, with fluoride (F-) concentrations in the southwest significantly exceeding those found in the northeast. The hydrochemical characteristics of the regional surface water are primarily classified as HCO3-Na, HCO3-Na·Ca, and HCO3-Na·Mg. The main factors contributing to the enrichment of fluorine in Xianghai Reservoir include evaporation and concentration processes, mineral dissolution and precipitation, as well as cation exchange. Xianghai Reservoir belongs to the risk area of fluorine ecology and causes both children and adults facing health risks, with children being significantly more vulnerable to the harmful effects than adults. |
| Key words: Songnen Plain Reservoir in high fluorine area fluoride concentration Distribution characteristics Ecological health risk |
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