| 摘要: |
| 根据自1976年以来全国水面蒸发与散热研究协作组在我国各典型地区的原体与室内实验资料和大量水文站历史资料,通过理论分析和统计检验,确定丁影响水面蒸发的诸因子及其非线性相互作用,引入了新的无量纲参数(we、Pv、Pe)和公式结构,用实测资料统计确定厂公式中的常系数,得到了用开敞湖面-般水文气象资料计算逐日蒸发和散热系数的公式。经全国各典型气候带内各季节湖泊(水库)和受热污染水体上原体观测和室内专题实验共1860组口平均资料检验,公式的精度高于现有其他公式。全文分两部分,这是第-部分,内容包括:影响水面蒸发的土要无量纲参数;感热输送和大气饱和度对蒸发影响的修正;水面蒸发计算公式的结构及其经验系数。 |
| 关键词: 水面蒸发 蒸发公式 水面散热系数 |
| DOI：10.18307/1994.0101 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:水电部"1978-1985年"水利水电科学发展规划中第十二(一)重点研究项目 |
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| Studies on the formulae for calculating evaporation and heat loss coefficient from water surface in china (I) |
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Pu Peimin
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Nan jing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nan jing 210008
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| Abstract: |
| According to the abundant data collected in field and laboratory experiments by the State Collaboration Research Group on Evaporation and Heat Loss from Water Surface since 1976 and a number of historical data observed in hydrological stations in the typical regions in China, the elements influencing evaporation from water surface and the nonlinear interactions between them are determined, new non-diiDensional parameters (we、Pv、Pe) and new structure of the formulae are recommended.The constant coefficients in the formulae are determined based on the statistical analysis on measured data.The formulae for calculating daily evaporation and heat loss coefficient from water surface by using the data of regular hydrometeorlogical elements (water temperature;air temperature, vapour pressure;wind speed and atmospheric pressure) have been ubtained.The formulae were tested by I860 group data cullected from buth natural lakes (reservoirs) and thermal polluted water bodies during various seasons in different climace regions of China, and from laboratory experimental data as well.It is shown then the accuracy of these suggested formulae is higher then that of other existing formulae. The paper cuasists of two parts.This is the first part, which includes the main nun-diiiiensional parameters influencing the evaporation from water surface, revision of sensible heat flux and atmospheric saturation state un evaporation, structure of the formulae and their empirical constants. |
| Key words: Evaporation fruin water surface evaporation formula. heat loss coefficient fruni water surface |
