| 摘要: |
| 对新疆平原沙漠区湖泊干缩现象作了初步评价,指出这一现象是干旱、半干旱地区农业灌溉和国民经济发展到一定规模时所必然产生的现象,因而可以视为正常。同时指出,平原区湖泊之存亡既取决于自然条件,更取决于社会经济发展的需要。现存湖泊资源的开发与保护,既要立足于生态环境价值论,也要立足于经济价值论。 |
| 关键词: 内陆湖泊 平原沙漠区 湖泊干缩 初步评价 |
| DOI：10.18307/1994.0406 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目: |
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| Preliminary evaluation on the shrinkage and dried-up of lakes in plain and desert areas |
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Wang Xiaofeng1, Zhang Haisheng2
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1.Department of Geography, Xinjiang Normal University, Uruqi 830053;2.Department of Geo and Ocean Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008
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| Abstract: |
| Most lakes in Xinjiang Province have been shrinking considerably since the 1950s, especially in plain and desert areas, and some have even dried up.The lake shrinkage took place on account of large-scale reclamation, and was an inevitable outcome of the economic development and the expansion of irrigation areas in arid and semi-arid lands.The reasons are as follows: (1) The population increase and economic development require the expansion of cultivated area.(2) The distribution of arable lands determines water resources utilization.(3) It is troublesome to balance the expansion of irrigation area and the maintenance of lake area simultaneously because of limited water resources and lake locations.That whether the eco-environmeat of the whole watershed is ameliorated and the regional productive power is improved should be regarded as the standard to evaluate the effects of lake..shrinkage mentioned above.Many reservoirs have been built in the upstream area of lakes as the lakes shrinked or dried-up downstream.Large-scale irrigation and afforestation have alleviated the local cb'mate, especially in oasis areas.The ratio of water resources utilization is greatly improved by constructing water projects.The oasis areas are expanded more rapidly than the losses of desertation as the productivity of oasis areas steadly grows.Human powers to prevent and mitigate natural disasters (such as flood and drought) have been strengthened in almost every watershed of Xinjiang Province.The sustainable and stable growth of agriculture has promoted the economy and provided a favorable basis for further development.It is necessary and possible to protect the existing lakes in plain areas.The fate of them depends not only upon natural conditions and evolutions, but also upon the need of economic development.Consequently, the utilization and conservation of lake resources should take the eco-environmental factors as well as economic ones into consideration. |
| Key words: Inland lakes plain and desert areas shrinkage and dried-up of lakes preliminary evaluation |
