| 引用本文: | 朱松泉,刘正文,谷孝鸿.太湖鱼类区系变化和渔获物分析.湖泊科学,2007,19(6):664-669. DOI:10.18307/2007.0607 |
| ZHU Songquan,LIU Zhengwen,GU Xiaohong.Changes of the fish fauna and fish yield analysis in Lake Taihu. J. Lake Sci.2007,19(6):664-669. DOI:10.18307/2007.0607 |
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| 摘要: |
| 20世纪80年代之前,太湖有鱼类107种、25科,属4个生态类型:洄游型、江湖洄游型、河流型和湖沼型.自2002年9月至2006年1月进行了太湖鱼类采集,共采得鱼类60种、18科.其中,除放流的鱼类外,都能在封闭的湖泊环境中完成生命周期(湖沼生态型);团头鲂、鲮、银鲫和尼罗罗非鱼属移植种类.团头鲂、鳙、鲢、草鱼和青鱼是从20世纪60年代起每年向湖中放流的鱼类;鳗鲡则是自1976年起放流从长江采捕的鳗苗.20世纪50年末至1985年,长江和太湖之间人为隔断,不能在静水中繁殖的鱼类在湖中消失,自然鱼类资源下降;加上过度捕捞和对繁殖群体缺少保护,导致鱼类群体小型化.最后,对太湖渔业资源的优化进行了讨论,并进一步提出对策. |
| 关键词: 鱼类区系变化 渔获物分析 太湖 |
| DOI：10.18307/2007.0607 |
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| Changes of the fish fauna and fish yield analysis in Lake Taihu |
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ZHU Songquan, LIU Zhengwen, GU Xiaohong
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Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| Before 1980s, there were over 107 species belong to 25 families of fish in hke Taihu, which can be divided into 4 ecological group, i. e.,migratory, river-lake migratory, potamophilus and limnocolous. A total of 60species of fish belong to 18 families were collected in the lake from Sep. 2002 to Jan. 2006. Among them, 4 species(Megalobrama amblycephala, Cirrhinus molitorelGa, Carassius auratus gibelio and Oreochromis niloticus)weretransplanted into the lake. From 1960s to now, grass carp, black carp, silver carp, bighead carp and blunt snoutbream were stocked mainly with the artificial cultural fingerling. From 1978 to now, the stocking object of eel(Anguilla japonica) were natural fry collected from the Yangtze River. During the end of 1950s to 1985,duo to"river-lake blocking0 caused by artificial interruptions between the Yangtze River and Lake Taihu, the recmitmentof those fish species that can not spawn in standinE; water were disappeared and natural fish resources of the lakehad steadily declined. Moreover, reckless ove}shing and inadequate protection of the spawners caused the diminulion both in the size of fish species and of individual fishes, resulting the lake being dominated by species of smallsize as well as by populations of stunted growth. The optimization of fishery strategy for the lake has been put forward in view of the above results and environmental effect. |
| Key words: Changes of fish fauna fish yield analysis Lake Taihu |
