| 引用本文: | 卢慧斌,陈光杰,陈小林,刘晓东,顾兆炎,张虎才,赵帅营,陈丽,段立曾,张自强.上行与下行效应对浮游动物的长期影响评价——以滇池与抚仙湖沉积物象鼻溞(Bosmina)为例.湖泊科学,2015,27(1):67-75. DOI:10.18307/2015.0109 |
| LU Huibin,CHEN Guangjie,CHEN Xiaolin,LIU Xiaodong,GU Zhaoyan,ZHANG Hucai,ZHAO Shuaiying,CHEN Li,DUAN Lizeng,ZHANG Ziqiang.The long-term effects of bottom-up and top-down forcing on zooplankton: An example from sedimentary bosminid records of Lake Dianchi and Lake Fuxian. J. Lake Sci.2015,27(1):67-75. DOI:10.18307/2015.0109 |
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| 上行与下行效应对浮游动物的长期影响评价——以滇池与抚仙湖沉积物象鼻溞(Bosmina)为例 |
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卢慧斌1,2,3, 陈光杰1,2,3, 陈小林1,2,3, 刘晓东1,2,3, 顾兆炎1,2,3, 张虎才1,2,3, 赵帅营1,2,3, 陈丽1,2,3, 段立曾1,2,3, 张自强1,2,3
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1. 云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院高原湖泊生态与全球变化重点实验室, 昆明 650500;2.
2. 中国科技大学地球与空间学院极地环境研究室, 合肥 230026;3.
3. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 北京 100029
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| 摘要: |
| 近年来云南高原湖泊面临富营养化、渔业活动增强等多重环境压力的叠加影响,对湖泊的有效治理与生态修复急需对多重压力下生态系统的响应模式进行系统了解.现有研究表明在系统生产力和捕食压力的不同配置下,湖泊系统主要组成(如浮游动物)的响应特征可能出现差异且捕食压力可能随营养水平的变化而改变,目前对云南湖泊生态系统的研究主要集中于单一环境压力下的生态响应.本研究以目前分别处于重富营养和中-贫营养水平的滇池和抚仙湖为研究对象,应用湖泊沉积物记录进行多指标分析,探讨受外来鱼类影响下两个大型湖泊浮游动物长期响应模式的异同.通过象鼻溞生物量与个体大小等指标,重建了近百年来滇池与抚仙湖典型浮游动物的变化历史,结果表明随着湖泊生产力水平(如沉积物色素生产量)的增加,2个湖泊中象鼻溞生物量显著增加,同时物种相对组成出现明显变化(如Bosmina longispina被B.longirostris取代),指示湖泊上行效应对浮游动物的控制作用.同时象鼻溞的生物量、壳长与触角长度的变化在1960s与1980s有明显降低的趋势,与同期外来鱼类(如银鱼)引入与渔业产量增加的时间一致.进一步应用多变量回归分析与方差分解方法来定量评价上行与下行效应对象鼻溞生物量变化的驱动强度,结果表明富营养化(沉积物色素)和捕食作用(象鼻溞壳长)对浮游动物长期变化的驱动强度比较相似(分别解释了生物量变化的77.25%和83.59%),然而在滇池下行效应对象鼻溞生物量的独立影响比在贫营养的抚仙湖中更强(分别为15.46%和10.39%),上行效应对象鼻溞生物量的影响在抚仙湖要明显强于滇池(分别为69.74%和19.67%),而在滇池上行与下行效应的相互作用强度明显强于抚仙湖(分别为42.12%和3.46%).结果表明随着湖泊营养水平的升高,浮游动物的生物量在2个湖泊中均显著增加,而外来鱼类(如太湖新银鱼)的引入和经济鱼类数量的增加加剧了对浮游动物的捕食压力,造成了浮游动物的生物量降低和个体减小.但在快速富营养化的滇池,对浮游动物的捕食压力随营养水平的变化出现较强的依赖性,而在总体处于中-贫营养水平的抚仙湖中此相互作用较弱.结果表明在不同营养水平的大型湖泊中,营养水平的变化幅度可以导致鱼类捕食压力的差异性变化,指示了对鱼类捕食压力的评价和浮游动物长期变化的特征分析需要考虑湖泊的营养水平与富营养化过程的差异.总之,富营养化和外来鱼类的引入导致了高原湖泊生态系统的快速响应与结构变化,因此对高原湖泊的生态修复需要考虑湖泊营养水平对生态系统结构与食物链作用的影响. |
| 关键词: 古湖沼学 象鼻溞 生物量 个体大小 上行效应 下行效应 滇池 抚仙湖 |
| DOI：10.18307/2015.0109 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(U1133601,41171048)、教育部科学技术研究项目(213034A)、云南省中青年学术技术带头人培养计划项目(2012HB012)、云南省创新团队项目(2011C1)和云南省高端人才项目(2010CI111)联合资助. |
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| The long-term effects of bottom-up and top-down forcing on zooplankton: An example from sedimentary bosminid records of Lake Dianchi and Lake Fuxian |
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LU Huibin1,2,3, CHEN Guangjie1,2,3, CHEN Xiaolin1,2,3, LIU Xiaodong1,2,3, GU Zhaoyan1,2,3, ZHANG Hucai1,2,3, ZHAO Shuaiying1,2,3, CHEN Li1,2,3, DUAN Lizeng1,2,3, ZHANG Ziqiang1,2,3
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1. Key Laboratory of Plateau Lake Ecology and Global Change, School of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, P. R. China;2.
2. Institute of Polar Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China;3.
3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| In recent years, lakes of Yunnan Plateau have increasingly experienced the pressure of multiple environmental stressors like eutrophication and fish invasion, as well as their synergic effects. To date, most studies have focused on the ecological impacts of a single stressor, in spite of the interaction of these multiple stressors. This paper selected Lake Dianchi and Lake Fuxian, which are currently hypo-eutrophic and oligo-mesotrophic respectively, and conducted multi-proxy analyses of lake sediments from both lakes. We aim to quantify the impacts of both eutrophication (bottom-up control) and predation pressure (top-down control) in driving the long-term changes of zooplankton production, and to compare the intensity of their single forcing and interaction between both lakes. Our results showed that both lakes experienced increased primary production (i.e. the production of sedimentary pigments) since the mid-20th century, which was consistent with the eutrophication history revealed by lake monitoring data. Concurrently, the production of zooplankton (i.e. sedimentary bosminid production) increases significantly with a general trend of the oligotrophic taxon of Bosmina longispina replaced by B. longirostris found in both lakes. However, the bosminid production and body size (i.e. carapace and antennule length), displayed a decrease during the 1960s and 1980s, when exotic fish were introduced and/or established stable populations. With the methods of multiple regression and variance partitioning, our further analyses suggested that top-down control (as indicated by bosminid carapace length) exerted stronger impact on zooplankton production at Lake Dianchi than at Lake Fuxian (15.46% and 10.39%, respectively), while Lake Fuxian displayed a much stronger control of bottom-up (represented by sedimentary pigment concentration) forcing than Dianchi (69.74% and 19.67%, respectively). In addition, we found that the interaction between bottom-up and top-down is much more significant at Lake Dianchi than the Lake Fuxian (42.12 % and 3.46 %, respectively), despite that both forcing exerted a similar degree of control on zooplankton production at Lake Dianchi (77.25%) and Lake Fuxian (83.59%). These results indicate the significant control of lake eutrophication on zooplankton production at both lakes, while the introduction of exotic fish intensify the predation pressure on zooplankton, which also showed strong dependence on the rapid increase of trophic status at the hypo-eutrophic shallow lake of Lake Dianchi. In contrast, the strength of the interaction between bottom-up and top-down control was insignificant at the oligo-mesotrophic deep lake of Fuxian. Over all, our results infered that eutrophication and fish predation have led to the significant changes of ecosystem structure and trophic interaction at both large plateau lakes. Therefore, trophic status, the history of eutrophication and lake typology should be taken into account for sustainable management and ecological restoration of the plateau lakes in Yunnan. |
| Key words: Paleolimnology Bosmina biomass body size bottom-up control top-down control Lake Dianchi Lake Fuxian |
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