| 摘要: |
| 城市湖泊是城市湿地的重要组成部分,其演变受到人类活动的严重干扰,也影响城市的可持续发展.利用19732013年40年间Landsat MSS(3景)、Landsat 5 TM(5景)和Landsat 8(1景)共9景遥感影像,从景观角度分析武汉市主要湖泊的变化.首先借助遥感和地理信息系统技术提取湖泊信息,然后通过主成分分析法选取平均斑块面积(MPS)、斑块面积标准差(PSSD)、边界密度(ED)和斑块平均分维数(MPDF)4个景观指数用于湖泊景观分析.结果表明,武汉市湖泊变化经历了4大阶段:(1) 1970s,由于“围湖造田”政策的推行,湖泊总面积、MPS和PSSD急剧减小,湖泊斑块数量(尤其是小型湖泊)急剧增加,大湖破碎、小湖增加;(2) 1980s,推行“退田还湖”政策,湖泊总面积有较大回升,但小型湖泊消亡现象较为严重;(3) 1990s,由于经济发展和人口增长等原因,湖泊水面面积仍缓慢波动减小;(4) 21世纪后,湖泊斑块数量持续缓慢增加,但湖泊总面积呈减少趋势,故又可能进入一轮大湖萎缩或破碎、小湖增加的阶段.总体而言,武汉城市湖泊受到人为干扰和政策导向影响明显,应大力加强湖泊的科学管理,合理地开发利用,保护好湖泊自然资源. |
| 关键词: 湖泊 景观 遥感 武汉市 |
| DOI：10.18307/2015.0424 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:测绘地理信息公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201412007)资助. |
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| The dynamic analysis of lake landscape of Wuhan City in recent 40 years |
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CHEN Haizhen1, SHI Tiezhu1, WU Guofeng2
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1.School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P.R.China;2.Key Laboratory for Geo-Environment Monitoring of Coastal Zone of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and GeoInformation & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Smart Sensing and Services & College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| Inland urban lakes are important components of urban wetland, and they are greatly affected by the disturbance of human activities; while the conditions of urban lakes also affect the sustainable development of cities. This study aimed to analyse the dynamic changes of major lakes in Wuhan City from a landscape perspective using nine Landsat images(including three Landsat MSS images, five Landsat 5 TM images and one Landsat 8 image). Remote sensing and geographic information systems technologies were firstly used to extract lakes from the images, and suitable landscape matrices were then selected by applying principal component analysis. Four landscape matrices were selected for qualifying the dynamic changes, including the mean patch size(MPS), standard deviation of patch size(PSSD), edge density(ED) and mean patch fractal dimension number(MPDF). The results showed that the lake change of Wuhan had four stages:(1) during the 1970s, total area of the lake, MPS and PSSD reduced drastically; while patch number(especially the number of small lakes) increased dramatically, which indicated that big lakes fragmented into small lakes mainly due to the guide of “Reclaim the land” policy;(2) during the 1980s, the implementation of “Returning farming land to lakes” policy caused an increase in the total area of the lakes, but the small lakes were dying out seriously during that period;(3) during the 1990s, due to the development of economy and the growth of population, the problem of the shortage of land arose. The lakes suffered from the overexploitation again, and the surface area of lakes reduced with fluctuation;(4) since 21st century, lakes patches continued to increase slowly in numbers, while the total area of the lake showed a decreasing trend, which indicated that big lakes fragmented or broken into small lakes. We concluded that the lakes of Wuhan city were greatly influenced by the human activities and policies, and that the scientific management of lakes should be carried out for keeping the lakes under rational developments and for protecting these valuable natural resources. |
| Key words: Lake landscape remote sensing Wuhan City |
