| 引用本文: | 匡武名,张萌,张金美,何宗键,彭希珑,徐军,刘足根.鄱阳湖外围湖泊水体营养波动周年特征的比较湖沼学研究.湖泊科学,2016,28(6):1293-1305. DOI:10.18307/2016.0615 |
| KUANG Wuming,ZHANG Meng,ZHANG Jinmei,HE Zongjian,PENG Xilong,XU Jun,LIU Zugen.Comparative limnological study on annual dynamic pattern of nutrients in water column of three suburb lakes adjacent to Lake Poyang. J. Lake Sci.2016,28(6):1293-1305. DOI:10.18307/2016.0615 |
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| 鄱阳湖外围湖泊水体营养波动周年特征的比较湖沼学研究 |
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匡武名1,2,3, 张萌1,3, 张金美1,2,3, 何宗键2, 彭希珑2, 徐军4, 刘足根1,3
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1.江西省环境保护科学研究院, 南昌 330029;2.南昌大学资源环境和化工学院, 南昌 330031;3.江西省环境保护工程技术研究中心, 南昌 330029;4.中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072
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| 摘要: |
| 近年来，我国最大淡水湖泊湿地鄱阳湖的水体富营养化趋势明显且日益受到各方关注，而对鄱阳湖湖体外围各类浅水湖泊富营养化情况及其动态却了解颇少.为深入了解鄱阳湖外围不同湖泊的富营养化现状、季节动态及驱动机制，于2014-2015年对毗邻鄱阳湖南岸的南昌市大小不同的3个城市或城郊浅水湖泊（青山湖、瑶湖、军山湖）水质参数和营养状态进行周年观测.结果表明，青山湖、瑶湖和军山湖的高锰酸盐指数范围分别在2.6~4.5、2.1~4.6和1.6~1.9 mg/L之间，仅军山湖目前未受到有机物污染影响，3个湖泊两两之间均呈极显著差异.青山湖和瑶湖水体总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）浓度远高于湖泊富营养化转换的阈值（TN：0.20 mg/L，TP：0.02 mg/L），且TP污染最为严重，仅达到地表水Ⅳ~劣Ⅴ类标准.在3个湖泊中，水体氮主要以可溶性态氮的形态占优势，水体磷形态除了军山湖外，另外2个湖泊主要以颗粒态磷占优势.青山湖、瑶湖和军山湖的叶绿素a（Chl.a）浓度范围分别为34.65~184.48、7.66~120.67和2.42~17.41 μg/L，各湖泊的Chl.a浓度均在冬季达到最低值，且军山湖与其他2个湖泊的Chl.a浓度均呈极显著性差异，青山湖与瑶湖无显著差异.基于综合营养状态指数法对3个湖泊的营养状态进行评价发现，青山湖富营养化程度最高，已达到轻-中度富营养的稳定富营养状态；其次为瑶湖，营养状态不稳定，在中营养-轻度富营养-中度富营养水平之间巨幅波动；军山湖相对最低，全年整体处于贫营养-中营养状态之间，处于波动上升的趋中营养状态.同时发现3个湖泊的水体富营养化程度的年内波动依赖于不同的水温环境，水温是以上3个亚热带浅水湖泊富营养化程度年内季度波动的重要影响因子之一.Pearson相关分析还发现，3个湖泊的Chl.a浓度均与水柱TN和TP浓度呈显著正相关，其中青山湖和军山湖的水柱Chl.a浓度与总溶解性氮和总溶解性磷浓度均呈极显著正相关关系.整体来说，水柱氮是影响3个湖泊水环境特征的主导因子之一，磷是2个富营养化湖泊的主导影响因子，在富营养化湖泊控制和削减磷营养盐输入的同时，应考虑如何有效降低氮的输入，并着力控制中温季节（水温为15~25℃）的营养输入和快速富营养化风险防控；中营养湖泊（军山湖）应在控制磷的输入和消减水柱氮上进行系统调控，尤其重视高温季节（水温>25℃）的防控与预警，这将对鄱阳湖外围浅水湖泊的水环境保护和治理提供重点方向与新型管理思路. |
| 关键词: 外围浅水湖泊 鄱阳湖水系 富营养化 综合评估 周年动态 比较湖沼学 |
| DOI：10.18307/2016.0615 |
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| 基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2012ZX07501001-06）、国家自然科学基金项目（31200360，C030604，31400402）、江西省科技计划项目（20112BBG70014，20122BBF60101，20133BBG70001）和江西省青年科学基金项目（20114BAB213004）联合资助. |
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| Comparative limnological study on annual dynamic pattern of nutrients in water column of three suburb lakes adjacent to Lake Poyang |
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KUANG Wuming1,2,3, ZHANG Meng1,3, ZHANG Jinmei1,2,3, HE Zongjian2, PENG Xilong2, XU Jun4, LIU Zugen1,3
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1.Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanchang 330029, P. R. China;2.Department of Resources, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China;3.Environmental Pollution Engineering Center of Jiangxi, Nanchang 330029, P. R. China;4.Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| The increasing eutrophication of Lake Poyang,the largest freshwater Chinese lake, has taken more and more attention in recent years, but the eutrophication of shallow lakes around Lake Poyang are known rather little. An annual limnological investigation was conducted in the year of 2014-2015 in 3 typical shallow lakes, adjacent to the southwest bank of Lake Poyang at the suburb of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. Parameters of the water quality and eutrophic level in the three lakes were time-serially monitored to deeply understand the seasonally dynamics and the driving mechanism. Results showed that the variation of CODMn in Lake Qingshan, Lake Yaohu and Lake Junshan ranged from 2.6-4.5 mg/L, 2.1-4.6 mg/L and 1.6-1.9 mg/L, respectively. Only Lake Junshan was still not affected by the organic pollution, and significant differences were found between each other among the three lakes. The contents of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the water column of Lake Qingshan and Lake Yaohu largely exceeded the thresholds for eutrophic regime shifts (TN:0.20 mg/L, TP:0.02 mg/L),while the concentration of TP was only in Class IV-below V. The main form of nitrogen in the three lakes was soluble, and the main form of phosphorus in these lake were all particulate, except Lake Junshan. The contents of Chl.a in Lake Qingshan, Lake Yaohu and Lake Junshan were 34.65-184.48 μg/L, 7.66-120.67 μg/L and 2.42-17.41 μg/L, respectively, and the contents were all lowest in winter. Lake Junshanwas significantly different from both Lake Qingshan or Lake Yaohu in the Chl.a contents, but no significant difference in the Chl.a contents between Lake Qingshan and Lake Yaohu. The trophic states of the three lakes has been assessed with a synthesized trophic state index (TLI).It's found that Lake Qingshan was in the highest eutrophic level(from mild to moderate eutrophication), followed by Lake Yaohu(from mesotrophication to moderate eutrophication) and Lake Junshan (from oligotrophication to mesotrophication) during the studying period. Water temperature was found as one of the important environmental factors affecting the seasonal trophic fluatuation of these lakes. The significant positive relationships were calculated between Chl.a and TN or TP in water column of all lakes through Pearson correlation analysis, while Chl.a was tightly positively correlated with TDN and TDP only in Lake Qingshan and Lake Yaohu. Overall, nitrogen was one of the dominant factors affecting the environmental characteristics in these lakes, and phosphorus was the predominant factor affecting two eutrophic lakes. In the process of nutrient control, effective reduction of the nitrogen input should be considered in the eutrophic lakes while lowering the phosphorus discharge, especially, during the period of middle water temperature (15-25℃), and systematical regulation should be conducted in the mesotrophic lake (e.g. Lake Yaohu) through the combination of N reduction and P sources control, in particular, during the period of high water temperature at more than 25℃.It would provide a new way to protect and manage water environment of these shallow lakes around Lake Poyang. |
| Key words: Shallow lake Poyang Basin eutrophication synthesized assessment annual dynamics comparative limnology |
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