| 引用本文: | 姚程,胡小贞,耿荣妹,薛彦君,成小英.几种水陆交错带植物对湖滨带底质的稳固作用.湖泊科学,2017,29(1):105-115. DOI:10.18307/2017.0112 |
| YAO Cheng,HU Xiaozhen,GENG Rongmei,XUE Yanjun,CHENG Xiaoying.Effects of five literal-zone plants on lakeshore sediment stabilization. J. Lake Sci.2017,29(1):105-115. DOI:10.18307/2017.0112 |
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| 几种水陆交错带植物对湖滨带底质的稳固作用 |
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姚程1, 胡小贞2, 耿荣妹2, 薛彦君2, 成小英3
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1.南京工业大学城市建设学院, 南京 210000;2.中国环境科学研究院湖泊生态环境创新基地/国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012;3.江南大学环境学院, 无锡 214000
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| 摘要: |
| 为了研究几种常见水陆交错带植物对底质稳固性的影响，选取太湖贡湖湾水陆交错带内的双穗雀稗（Paspalum distichum）、李氏禾（Leersia hexandra）、香菇草（Hydrocotyle vulgaris）、黄花水龙（Ludwigia peploides）和黄菖蒲（Iris pseudacorus）5种水生/湿生植物植物，并利用长江下游常见沙壤土和湖滨带新生底质两种土壤，开展了5种植物对底质稳固作用的室内研究.结果表明底质孔隙度减少、细小粒径（<50 μm）增加有利于底质稳固，改善上覆水指标，减少扰动给上覆水所带来的悬浮颗粒物.直径≤1 mm的须根量、须根长度和须根面积与底质孔隙度和粒径分布增益值之间存在线性回归关系，双穗雀稗、李氏禾、香菇草的根系参数与增益值之间存在斜率为0.006～1.727的线性正相关关系；黄花水龙、黄菖蒲植物根系参数与增益值之间则存在斜率为-0.091～-0.011的线性负相关关系.黄菖蒲与黄花水龙的根长密度分别为11.495和9.475 cm/cm3，根表面积密度分别为0.368和0.294 cm2/cm3，根重密度分别为1.844和0.944 mg/cm3，两种植物对底质孔隙度的增益值分别为15%和9%，对底质粒径分布的增益值分别为92%和47%；双穗雀稗、李氏禾、香菇草的根长密度分别为1.057、7.368和0.651 cm/cm3，根表面积密度分别为0.033、0.228和0.022 cm2/cm3，根重密度分别为0.678、2.537和0.160 mg/cm3，3种植物根系参数对底质孔隙度的增益值分别为6%、36%和1%，3种植物根系参数对底质粒径分布的增益值分别为16%、17%和-13%.5种植物通过根系提高底质的稳定性，减少底质在水力扰动下悬浮物质以及营养盐的释放，从效能上表现为李氏禾 >双穗雀稗 >黄菖蒲 >黄花水龙 >香菇草. |
| 关键词: 植物须根 底质稳固性 底质粒径分布 底质孔隙度 根系参数 |
| DOI：10.18307/2017.0112 |
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| 基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2013ZX07101-014-004，2014ZX07510-001-01）资助. |
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| Effects of five literal-zone plants on lakeshore sediment stabilization |
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YAO Cheng1, HU Xiaozhen2, GENG Rongmei2, XUE Yanjun2, CHENG Xiaoying3
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1.College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210000, P. R. China;2.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Research Center of Lake Eco-Environment, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, P. R. China;3.Environment College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214000, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| Small-scale physical experiment in the laboratory has been taken for simulating the effects of Paspalum distichum,Leersia hexandra, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Ludwigia peploides and Iris pseudacorus on the literal-zone sediment stabilization by collecting sandy soil from lower reaches of Yangtze River and clay from the literal-zone. The results indicated that the reduced degree of porosity and increased proportion of specified particle (diameter <50 μm) of sediments could improve the quality of overlying water. The linear regression model of the improvement of sediment stabilization with five kinds of plant (Paspalum distichum,Leersia hexandra, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Ludwigia peploides and Iris pseudacorus and fine root parameters (root length density, root surface area density and root weight density) is put forward. The correlations of root parameters of Leersia hexandra,Paspalum distichum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris with the degree of sediment porosity and with the particle diameter have positively linear correlations with slop arranging from 0.006 to 1.727, respectively, while the negative linear correlation of Iris pseudacorus, Ludwigia peploides with slop arranging from -0.091 to -0.011. Improvements of sediment porosity of Iris pseudacorus and Ludwigia peploides were attained to 15% and 9%, respectively, and improvement of particle diameters to 92% and 47%, respectively. The linear equation was used to calculate the plants' root parameter:11.495 and 9.475 cm/cm3 in root length density, 0.368 and 0.294 cm2/cm3 in root surface area density, 1.844 and 0.944 mg/cm3 in root weight density, for root parameters with sediment porosity and with the particle diameter, respectively. The sediment porosity improvements of Leersia hexandra, Paspalum distichum and Hydrocotyle vulgaris were attained to 6%,36% and 1%, and distribution of particle diameter improvement to 16%,17% and -13%, according to linear equation which was calculated with plants' root parameter:1.057, 7.368 and 0.651 cm/cm3 in root length density, 0.033, 0.228 and 0.022 cm2/cm3 in root surface area density, and 0.678, 2.537 and 0.160 mg/cm3 in root weight density, respectively. Five literal-zone plants are all proved to improve sediment stabilization, which repress eutrophication and sediment resuspension caused by soil erosion on lakeshore. Comparably, the effectiveness from high to low are in descending order from Leersia hexandra, Paspalum distichum, Iris pseudacorus, Ludwigia peploides to Hydrocotyle vulgaris. |
| Key words: Plant fine root sediment stabilization distribution of particle diameter sediment porosity root parameter |
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