| 引用本文: | 林鹏程,李淑贞,秦祥朝,程卫习,刘焕章.黄河伊洛河中下游鱼类多样性及群落结构.湖泊科学,2019,31(2):482-492. DOI:10.18307/2019.0217 |
| LIN Pengcheng,LI Shuzhen,QIN Xiangchao,CHENG Weixi,LIU Huanzhang.Pattern of fish diversity and assemblage structure in the middle and lower reaches of the Yiluo River, Yellow River. J. Lake Sci.2019,31(2):482-492. DOI:10.18307/2019.0217 |
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| 黄河伊洛河中下游鱼类多样性及群落结构 |
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林鹏程1,2, 李淑贞3, 秦祥朝4, 程卫习5, 刘焕章1,2
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1.中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072;2.中国科学院水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室, 武汉 430072;3.黄河流域水资源保护局, 郑州 450004;4.黄河流域水环境监测中心, 郑州 450004;5.河南省洛阳水文水资源勘测局, 洛阳 471000
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| 摘要: |
| 为了解伊洛河中下游鱼类多样性、群落结构及其与环境因子的关系，于2016年2-12月对伊洛河中下游5个河段开展鱼类多样性及环境调查.共采集鱼类12361尾，43种，隶属于4目9科37属.伊洛河中下游鱼类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson指数变化范围分别为1.75~2.38、2.44~3.63、0.59~0.76和0.73~0.86.各指数均以西草甸河段最高.各河段优势种以（Hemiculter leucisculus）、似鳊（Pseudobrama simoni）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、兴凯鱊（Acheilognathus chankaensis）和鳑鲏属（Rhodeus）等小型或广适性鱼类为主.丰度/生物量比较（ABC）曲线显示，除西草甸河段外，各河段优势鱼类群落均受到不同程度的干扰.其中七里铺和黑石关鱼类群落处于严重干扰状态，以小型鱼类或大型鱼类的幼鱼为主.采用冗余分析方法分析了鱼类群落结构与环境因子的关系，发现除了河床、水流、捕捞等因子以外，氨氮、总磷浓度与pH是导致伊洛河中下游鱼类群落结构差异的主要影响因子.针对伊洛河鱼类多样性现状，建议加强流域水质监管，恢复河流连通性，推进保护区全面禁渔，开展生态修复等以恢复伊洛河河流健康. |
| 关键词: 黄河 中下游伊洛河 多样性格局 鱼类群落 冗余分析 河流健康 |
| DOI：10.18307/2019.0217 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划（2017YFC0404401）和伊洛河试点河段水生生物监测与评价项目联合资助. |
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| Pattern of fish diversity and assemblage structure in the middle and lower reaches of the Yiluo River, Yellow River |
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LIN Pengcheng1,2, LI Shuzhen3, QIN Xiangchao4, CHENG Weixi5, LIU Huanzhang1,2
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1.Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China;2.Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China;3.Yellow River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau, Zhengzhou 450004, P. R. China;4.Yellow River Basin Water Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou 450004, P. R. China;5.Luoyang Hydrology and Water Resource Survey Bureau, Luoyang 471000, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| To understand the fish diversity and assemblage structure in the middle and lower reaches of the Yiluo River and to assess the impacts of human activities on river ecosystems, six fish sampling occasions in five sites were conducted bimonthly in 2016. A total of 12361 individual fishes were collected in the river stretches, comprising 43 species belonging to 4 orders, 9 families and 37 genera. The Cyprinidae family, representing 28 taxa, accounted for 65.1% of the total number of fish species collected. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef species richness index, Pielou evenness index and Simpson's diversity index of fish community in the investigation regions ranged from 1.75 to 2.38, from 2.44 to 3.63, from 0.59 to 0.76 and from 0.73 to 0.86, respectively. Fish species diversity in Xicaodian reach was highest among the five reaches. Abundance-Biomass Comparison (ABC) Curve showed that all sampling sites were subject to varying degrees of interference apart from Xicaodian reach. Fish communities in Qilipu reach and Heishiguan reach were subject to the maximum interference with the dominant fish species were mainly small-sized fish or young individuals of large-sized fish. Redundancy analysis was used to describe the relationship between the assemblage structures and associated environmental factors. Ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and pH accounted for the largest amount of variance. In view of the status of fish species diversity in the middle and lower reaches of the Yiluo River, it was suggested that managers should take steps, such as strengthening water quality management, restoring river connectivity, fishing banning in the reserves and conducting habitat restoration, to ensure the ecological protection and river health. |
| Key words: Yellow River middle and lower reaches of the Yiluo River biodiversity pattern fish assemblage RDA river health |
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