| 引用本文: | 张全军,张广帅,万松贤,刘宇,夏少霞,李雅,许策,于秀波.鄱阳湖植食越冬候鸟粪便对洲滩湿地薹草枯落物分解过程及碳、氮、磷释放的影响.湖泊科学,2019,31(3):814-824. DOI:10.18307/2019.0319 |
| ZHANG Quanjun,ZHANG Guangshuai,WAN Songxian,LIU Yu,XIA Shaoxia,LI Ya,XU Ce,YU Xiubo.Effects of herbivorous overwintering migratory birds' droppings on the decomposition of Carex cinerascens Kükenth and C, N, P release in Lake Poyang wetland. J. Lake Sci.2019,31(3):814-824. DOI:10.18307/2019.0319 |
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| 鄱阳湖植食越冬候鸟粪便对洲滩湿地薹草枯落物分解过程及碳、氮、磷释放的影响 |
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张全军1,2, 张广帅3,4, 万松贤5, 刘宇1, 夏少霞1, 李雅1,2, 许策1,2, 于秀波1,2
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1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 中国科学院生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101;2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3.国家海洋环境监测中心, 大连 116023;4.国家海洋局海域管理技术重点实验室, 大连 116023;5.江西鄱阳湖南矶湿地国家级自然保护区管理局, 南昌 330038
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| 摘要: |
| 于2017年1月-2017年6月采用分解袋技术和鸟粪添加试验研究了鄱阳湖湿地植食性越冬水鸟粪便和典型洲滩湿地植物薹草枯落物分解过程中碳、氮、磷释放动态的差异性以及植食性越冬水鸟粪便的加入对鄱阳湖湿地薹草分解过程的影响.结果表明，不同分解时间内薹草枯落物、薹草+鸟粪中薹草枯落物和鸟粪3种样品的干物质损失率和分解速率的差异性都十分显著，其数值都表现为薹草+鸟粪中薹草样品 > 薹草枯落物样品 > 鸟粪样品.鸟粪的加入显著加速了薹草分解进程，使其平均分解速率提升了约21.23%.Olson负指数模型模拟预测显示，薹草+鸟粪中薹草、薹草枯落物和鸟粪样品分解完成50%所需的时间依次为259、314和355天，分解完成95%所需的时间大约依次约为3.1、3.7和4.2年.3种样品碳、氮、磷都表现为净释放模式，其相对回归指数之间差异性也显著.碳相对归还指数都表现为薹草+鸟粪中薹草 > 薹草枯落物 > 鸟粪，氮相对归还指数和磷相对归还指数值都表现为鸟粪 > 薹草+鸟粪中薹草 > 薹草枯落物.本研究推测鸟粪添加给分解环境带来额外的营养物质，使分解者微生物的数量、种类、活性增加以及鸟粪刺激产生了一系列降解酶，如木质素酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶等，胞外酶数量和活性增加，是鸟粪促进薹草分解的关键因素，而样品中初始养分含量以及分解过程碳、氮、磷化学计量比的变化是造成其分解速率和养分释放差异显著的主要原因. |
| 关键词: 鄱阳湖 越冬水鸟 湿地植物 分解过程 湿地碳、氮、磷生物地球化学循环 |
| DOI：10.18307/2019.0319 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41471088，41701212）资助. |
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| Effects of herbivorous overwintering migratory birds' droppings on the decomposition of Carex cinerascens Kükenth and C, N, P release in Lake Poyang wetland |
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ZHANG Quanjun1,2, ZHANG Guangshuai3,4, WAN Songxian5, LIU Yu1, XIA Shaoxia1, LI Ya1,2, XU Ce1,2, YU Xiubo1,2
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1.Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R.China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R.China;3.National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, P.R.China;4.Key Laboratory of Sea Field Management Technology, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian 116023, P.R.China;5.Nanji Wetland National Nature Reserve Agency, Nanchang 330038, P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| This study aims to investigate the difference of releasing C, N and P between wetland plant litter and overwintering migratory birds' droppings during their decomposition progresses and to investigate the influences of overwintering migratory birds' droppings on the decomposition of wetland plant litter. The decomposition bag technique and birds' droppings addition experiment were conducted from January to June, 2017 on the typical beaches of Lake Paying wetlands. Results showed significant differences of the dry matter loss rates, decomposition rates of three samples (plant litter mixture, wetland plant litter and birds' droppings) in different decomposition times. The mixture is highest, following by plant litter and birds' droppings. The addition of birds' droppings accelerated the decomposition process of plant litter and increased the average decomposition rate by 21.23%. The simulation results of Olson negative exponential model estimated that it would cost 259, 314 and 355 days for decomposing 50% of sample amount of plant litter mixture, wetland plant litter, droppings and about 3.1, 3.7 and 4.2 years for 95%, respectively. The C, N and P of all the three samples showed net release pattern, with significant difference in relative return index. The carbon relative return index (CRRI) of plant litter mixture is highest, followed by the CRRI of wetland plant litter and birds' droppings. While the ranks of NRRI and PRRI (nitrogen and phosphorus) are both birds' droppings, plant litter mixture, and wetland plant litter. The differences of the stoichiometric ratio characteristics of the three samples were also significant. This study speculates that the addition of birds' droppings to the decomposition environment brings additional nutrients, which increases the number, type, activity of the decomposing microorganisms and the stimulation of birds' droppings to produce a series of degrading enzymes such as ligninase, cellulase, sucrase, etc., believed as the key factor for the acceleration of the decomposition process of plant litter. The initial nutrient contents and the changes of stoichiometric ratio of C, N and P during the decomposition process are the dominant factors for the significant difference of decay rate and nutrient release. |
| Key words: Lake Poyang herbivorous overwintering migratory birds wetland plants Carex cinerascens Kükenth decomposition carbon nitrogen phosphorus biogeochemical cycle |
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