| 引用本文: | 肖潇,毛北平,吴时强.近100年来长江与洞庭湖汇流河段水文特征演变.湖泊科学,2021,33(1):266-276. DOI:10.18307/2021.0119 |
| Xiao Xiao,Mao Beiping,Wu Shiqiang.Dynamics of hydrological characteristics in Changjiang River and Lake Dongting confluence reach in the past 100 years. J. Lake Sci.2021,33(1):266-276. DOI:10.18307/2021.0119 |
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| 摘要: |
| 洞悉长江洞庭湖汇流河段的水文关系及其变化规律对确保长江中下游的防洪安全至关重要.为了掌握汇流河段水文特征演变情况，本文结合汇流河段处监利、城陵矶、螺山等国家重要水文控制断面的近百年水文资料，通过M-K检验、Morlet小波分析等方法研究了该河段逐日水位、流量等水文数据，分析了汇流河段年内分配、年际变化、变化趋势、突变点及变化周期等水文特征，并探讨了具体成因.研究结果表明：①长江与洞庭湖汇流河段年最高水位一般出现在7月，年最低水位一般出现在1、2月；②汇流河段年径流量主要集中在5—9月，占年径流总量的63.64%~73.44%；③近50年城陵矶水位高、中、低水分别约抬升0.98、0.56、1.46 m；④近10年城陵矶与监利年径流比降至0.66.⑤在长江中下游水利开发历程中，经突变检验表明，下荆江裁弯取直和三峡蓄水175 m对江湖水文特征的影响较为明显.⑥城陵矶站和螺山站的年径流量、水位平均周期约为16 a，监利站的年径流量、水位平均周期约为8 a.⑦1954—2017年间，汇流比最大值一直在降低，其发生时间在逐渐提前.以上成果为深入研究流域复杂的江湖演变规律提供了科学参考. |
| 关键词: 汇流河段 水位 流量 M-K突变检验 小波分析 长江洞庭湖汇流河段 |
| DOI：10.18307/2021.0119 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室开放基金项目（2017491111）和三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心开放研究基金项目（KF2018-05）联合资助. |
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| Dynamics of hydrological characteristics in Changjiang River and Lake Dongting confluence reach in the past 100 years |
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Xiao Xiao1,2, Mao Beiping2, Wu Shiqiang1,3
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1.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, P. R. China;2.Middle Chanagjiang River Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey, Hydrology Bureau of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430012, P. R. China;3.Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| Understanding the hydrological relationship and its variation in the Changjiang River and Lake Dongting confluence reach is important for the flood control safety of the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River. Using the M-K mutation test and Morlet wavelet transform methods, this paper analyses the hydrological data (daily water level and flow data) of Chenglingji, Luoshan and Jianli in the past 100 years. We examine the hydrological characteristics of the confluence reach, including annual distribution, interannual variation, variation trend, catastrophe characteristics and variation period, and the specific causes are also discussed. We find that: (1) the maximum water level of the confluence reach usually occurs in July, and the minimum water level occurs in January or February; (2)The annual runoff is mainly concentrated from May to September, with the proportion about 63.64%-73.44% of the whole year; (3) The Chenglingji water level rises as a whole in the recent 50 years (1968-2017), and the high, middle and low rise 0.98, 0.56 and 1.46 m, respectively; (4)The annual runoff ratio of Chenglingji and Jianli Stations decreased to 0.66 in the recent ten years; (5)The cutting and straightening in the 1970s and the impounding 175 m of the Three Gorges in 2008 has obvious influence on the hydrological characteristics over the years; (6)The annual runoff and water level's average period is about 16 a in the Chenglingji and Luoshan Stations, and Jianli Station is about 8 a; (7) From 1954 to 2017, the maximum value of discharge ratio has been decreasing, and its occurrence time is gradually advanced. The results provide a scientific reference for the further study of the complex river and lake evolution in the river basin. |
| Key words: Confluence reach water level flow M-K mutation test wavelet transform Changjiang River and Lake Dongting confluence reach |
