| 引用本文: | 于谨磊,夏曼莉,关保华,何虎,陈非洲,刘正文.鳑鲏与河蚌交互作用对浮游生物和底栖生物的影响分析.湖泊科学,2021,33(4):1230-1240. DOI:10.18307/2021.0423 |
| Yu Jinlei,Xia Manli,Guan Baohua,He Hu,Chen Feizhou,Liu Zhengwen.Interactive effects of bitterling fish and mussel on the community structures of plankton and benthic macroinvertebrates. J. Lake Sci.2021,33(4):1230-1240. DOI:10.18307/2021.0423 |
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| 鳑鲏与河蚌交互作用对浮游生物和底栖生物的影响分析 |
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于谨磊1, 夏曼莉2, 关保华1,3, 何虎1, 陈非洲1,3, 刘正文1,2,3
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1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008;2.暨南大学生态学系水生生物研究所, 广州 510632;3.中国科学院大学中丹科研教育中心, 北京 100049
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| 摘要: |
| 放养河蚌，提高水体透明度以促进沉水植物生长，是湖泊生态修复中的常用手段之一.而小型杂食性鱼类鳑鲏依赖河蚌繁殖，河蚌放养可能会促进鳑鲏种群的发展；而鳑鲏与河蚌交互作用对水生态系统的影响仍研究较少.于2018年11—12月通过原位受控实验，设置对照组、河蚌组、鳑鲏组和河蚌+鳑鲏组，研究了鳑鲏（大鳍鱊Acheilognathus macropterus）与河蚌（背角无齿蚌Sinanodonta woodiana）对水质、浮游生物和底栖生物的影响.结果表明：鳑鲏显著增加了上覆水总氮、总磷、悬浮质和叶绿素a（Chl.a）浓度；但并未显著影响无机悬浮质的浓度，说明鳑鲏对沉积物的扰动作用较弱.此外，鳑鲏显著增加了浮游植物生物量和蓝藻的比例.浮游动物总生物量并未受鳑鲏的影响，但显著增加了浮游动物的丰度，其中以轮虫为主.鳑鲏组的底栖动物总丰度（主要为水丝蚓）显著高于对照组，说明鳑鲏对水丝蚓的摄食压力较低.鳑鲏与河蚌交互作用对总磷、Chl.a、浮游植物和浮游动物丰度具有显著影响：具体表现为河蚌虽然抵消了部分鳑鲏对水质（如氮、磷和悬浮质浓度，以及Chl.a浓度和浮游植物生物量等）的负面影响，但其对浮游动物和水丝蚓生物量的影响不显著.在湖泊生态修复和管理中，需要关注和重视鳑鲏等此类小型杂食性鱼类对水生态系统可能产生的负面影响，通过物理（网簖等）或生物（放养肉食性鱼类）等方式将其控制在较低密度水平，从而降低这些鱼类对水质、浮游生物和底栖生物群落可能产生的负面影响，维持生态修复效果的长效与稳定运行. |
| 关键词: 杂食性鱼类 营养盐 浮游植物 浮游动物 水丝蚓 大鳍鱊 背角无齿蚌 |
| DOI：10.18307/2021.0423 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41877415）和国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07203-004）联合资助. |
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| Interactive effects of bitterling fish and mussel on the community structures of plankton and benthic macroinvertebrates |
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Yu Jinlei1, Xia Manli2, Guan Baohua1,3, He Hu1, Chen Feizhou1,3, Liu Zhengwen1,2,3
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1.State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China;2.Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China;3.Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| In restoration of shallow eutrophic lakes based on recovery of submerged macrophytes, stocking of the filter-feeding mussels has been commonly used for improving water clarity, thereby enhancing the growth of submerged macrophytes. However, the small omnivorous bitterling fish has to rely on mussels for breeding. Thus, the increased abundance of mussels may enhance the population development of bitterling. Nevertheless, the effects of bitterling (Acheilognathus macropterus) and their host mussels (Sinanodonta woodiana) on the aquatic ecosystems are, so far, not well-studied. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to study the effects of bitterling, mussels, and their interactions on water quality and the community structures of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates, respectively. Our results showed that bitterling did not substantially affect the concentration of inorganic suspended solids (ISS) indicating weak effects on sediment resuspension. However, the concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were significantly enhanced by bitterling. Consequently, both the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton were enhanced in the bitterling-only mesocosms, and cyanobacteria dominated the phytoplankton community at the end of the experiment. However, rotifers dominated the zooplankton community leading to a higher abundance of zooplankton in the bitterling-only treatment, while the total biomass of zooplankton did not differ significantly between the control and bitterling-only treatments. Moreover, bitterling significantly increased the total abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates compared with the controls, while the biomass of macroinvertebrates was not pronouncedly affected. The presence of mussels significantly eliminated the negative effects induced by bitterling, such as reducing the concentrations of nutrients, suspended solids and chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton biomass. However, the biomass of zooplankton and benthic macroinvertebrates were not substantially affected by the presence of mussels. Our results suggest that bitterling alone can induce significantly negative effects on water quality though mussels can eliminate part of these impacts under our experimental bitterling-to-mussel biomass ratio. Therefore, in the restoration and management of shallow lakes, more attention should be paid on the effects of small omnivorous fish, like bitterling, on aquatic ecosystems. The biomass of these small omnivores should be controlled at a relatively low level by physical (e.g., trap net) or biological (e.g., stocking of effective piscivorous fish) methods to minimize the negative effects of the fish on lake ecosystems. |
| Key words: Omnivorous fish nutrient concentrations phytoplankton zooplankton Limnodrilus Acheilognathus macropterus Sinanodonta woodiana |
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