| 引用本文: | 代晓颖,徐栋,武俊梅,丰俊,邹书成,尹珩.2015-2019年武汉市湖泊水质时空变化.湖泊科学,2021,33(5):1415-1424. DOI:10.18307/2021.0510 |
| Dai Xiaoying,Xu Dong,Wu Junmei,Feng Jun,Zou Shucheng,Yin Heng.Spatiotemporal variations of water quality of lakes in Wuhan from 2015 to 2019*. J. Lake Sci.2021,33(5):1415-1424. DOI:10.18307/2021.0510 |
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| 2015-2019年武汉市湖泊水质时空变化 |
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代晓颖1, 徐栋1,2, 武俊梅2,4, 丰俊1, 邹书成3, 尹珩1
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1. 武汉市环境保护科学研究院, 武汉 430015;
2. 中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室, 武汉 430072;
3. 武汉市环境监测中心, 武汉 430015;
4. 中国地质大学(武汉)湖北省水环境污染系统控制和治理工程技术研究中心, 武汉 430074
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| 摘要: |
| 为探究“十三五”期间武汉市湖泊水质变化特征及规律，分析当前武汉市湖泊水环境的主要问题及成因，为武汉市水生态环境保护“十四五”规划提供科学支撑，以武汉市166个湖泊为研究对象，根据武汉市环境监测中心2015-2019年对各个湖泊的监测数据，采用水质综合污染指数、富营养化状态评价、动态度分析等方法，对武汉市湖泊水环境进行综合评价.结果表明：1）2015-2019年武汉市湖泊水质总体好转，2019年全市湖泊综合污染指数较2015年下降7.74%，多数湖泊营养状态呈现稳中向好趋势，但湖泊水质较难实现持续改善.2）武汉市湖泊主要超标污染物总磷、氨氮、化学需氧量和高锰酸盐指数平均质量浓度在2015-2019年间均呈下降趋势，但2019年有47%湖泊总磷浓度劣于Ⅳ类评价标准，磷元素是制约湖泊水质的主要因素.3）2015-2019年武汉市中心城区湖泊综合污染指数下降，湖泊富营养化状态好转，但青山北湖、南湖等湖泊综合污染指数较高，排口排污、底泥内源污染是影响中心城区湖泊水质的主要因素.新城区湖泊水质改善仍面临一定压力，东西湖水系重度富营养化湖泊数量增多，后湖水系湖泊综合污染指数上升，农业面源、工业生产对新城区湖泊水质影响较大，湖泊破碎化导致的自净能力降低也是影响湖泊水质的重要因素. |
| 关键词: 武汉市 湖泊 富营养化 综合污染指数 动态度 |
| DOI：10.18307/2021.0510 |
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| 基金项目:长江生态环境保护修复联合研究一期项目（2019-LHYJ-01-0208-21）资助. |
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| Spatiotemporal variations of water quality of lakes in Wuhan from 2015 to 2019* |
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Dai Xiaoying1, Xu Dong1,2, Wu Junmei2,4, Feng Jun1, Zou Shucheng3, Yin Heng1
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1. Wuhan Institute of Environmental Protection Science, Wuhan 430015, P.R.China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P.R.China;
3. Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhan 430015, P.R.China;
4. Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Systematic Water Pollution Control, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P.R.China
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the variation trend of water quality of lakes in Wuhan during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, analyze the main problems and causes of the water environment of lakes in Wuhan, and provide scientific support for the 14th Five-Year Plan of water environment protection in Wuhan, 166 lakes were selected as the research objects. Based on the monitoring data of each lake from 2015 to 2019 derived from the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center, the comprehensive pollution index, eutrophication analysis, dynamic degree analysis and other methods were used to evaluate the water environment of lakes in Wuhan. The results showed that: 1) The water quality of lakes in Wuhan was generally improved. The comprehensive pollution index of lakes decreased by 7.74% compared with that in 2015, and the eutrophication status of most lakes showed a trend of improvement. However, it was difficult to achieve continuous improvement of the water quality of those lakes. 2) The average concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen, CODCr and CODMn showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2019, but the average concentrations of TP of 47% of the lakes were inferior to the class IV evaluation standard. The phosphorus was the main factor restricting the water quality of the lakes. 3) From 2015 to 2019, the comprehensive pollution index of lakes in the central districts of Wuhan decreased, and the eutrophication status was improved. Nevertheless, the comprehensive pollution index of Qingshanbei Lake and South Lake was relatively high, and the main factors affecting the water quality of lakes in the central districts were the discharge from the outlet and internal pollution of sediment. The improvement of water quality of lakes in the suburban area was still under stress, which resulted from agricultural non-point source pollution and industrial production. More lakes entered a serious eutrophication status in the Dongxihu Lake system, and the comprehensive pollution index of lakes in the Houhu Lake system increased. The decrease of self-purification ability caused by lake fragmentation was also an important factor affecting water quality. |
| Key words: Wuhan lake eutrophication comprehensive pollution index dynamic degree |
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