| 引用本文: | 谭志强,李云良,张奇,郭宇菲,王晓龙,李冰,万荣荣,王殿常,吴兴华.湖泊湿地水文过程研究进展.湖泊科学,2022,34(1):18-37. DOI:10.18307/2022.0104 |
| Tan Zhiqiang,Li Yunliang,Zhang Qi,Guo Yufei,Wang Xiaolong,Li Bing,Wan Rongrong,Wang Dianchang,Wu Xinghua.Progress of hydrological process researches in lake wetland: A review. J. Lake Sci.2022,34(1):18-37. DOI:10.18307/2022.0104 |
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| 湖泊湿地水文过程研究进展 |
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谭志强1, 李云良1, 张奇1, 郭宇菲2, 王晓龙1, 李冰1, 万荣荣1, 王殿常3, 吴兴华3
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1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室, 南京 210008;2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3.中国长江三峡集团有限公司, 北京 100038
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| 摘要: |
| 湖泊湿地是世界上最重要的生态系统之一，在调蓄洪水、净化环境、保护生物多样性以及为人类提供淡水和食物等方面发挥着不可替代的作用.然而，受气候变化和人类活动叠加影响，湖泊湿地水文过程发生了剧烈变化，湖泊湿地面临着面积萎缩、质量下降和服务功能退化等风险.本文总结了原位观测、数值模拟和遥感技术在获取湖泊湿地关键水文要素方面的优势及不足；从辩证的角度探讨了气候变化和人类活动对湖泊湿地水文过程的双重影响；结合洪水和水文连通性等研究热点分析了水文过程的典型表现形式；从正反两方面揭示了湖泊湿地植物、动物和水质对水文过程改变的响应.本研究最终提出未来应该将遥感技术与数值模拟方法相结合，建立"多目标-多要素-多尺度-多过程"的湖泊湿地监测体系；定量评价多维度水文连通的转化方式及其对生态系统的阈值效应；加强研究地下水驱动下湿地植被演变的非线性动力学机制；综合考虑栖息地的面积和质量评价水鸟种群的弹性力和恢复力，为湖泊水位调控和退化湿地的恢复提供科学依据. |
| 关键词: 湖泊湿地 水文过程 数值模拟 遥感 洪水 水文连通 |
| DOI：10.18307/2022.0104 |
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| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC0409002）、国家自然科学基金项目（41801080，42171104）、江苏省自然科学基金项目（KB20181103）、中国长江三峡集团有限公司项目（201903144）和测绘遥感信息工程国家重点实验室资助课题（20R01）联合资助. |
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| Progress of hydrological process researches in lake wetland: A review |
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Tan Zhiqiang1, Li Yunliang1, Zhang Qi1, Guo Yufei2, Wang Xiaolong1, Li Bing1, Wan Rongrong1, Wang Dianchang3, Wu Xinghua3
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1.Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China;3.China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| As one of the most important ecosystems in the world, lake wetlands are irreplaceable in flood regulation, environment decontamination, biodiversity conservation, and in the provision of freshwater and food resources. However, lake wetlands hydrological processes have changed drastically as a result of anthropogenic activities and climate change in combination, evidenced by shrinking wetland areas, declining wetland quality, and degraded wetland service functions. Here we summarized the merits and drawbacks of field observations, numerical simulations and remote sensing in deriving key hydrological elements of lake wetlands. The dual effects of human and climate on hydrological processes were discussed dialectically, and typical forms of hydrological processes were analysed incorporating the current hotspot flood and hydrological connectivity issues, and both positive and negative responses of plants, animals and water quality to changing hydrological processes were reviewed. In the forthcoming years, a combination of remote sensing and numerical simulation will lead to a "multi-objective, multi-factor, multi-scale and multi-process" lake wetland monitoring system. Based on extensive observational data, the conversion paths of multi-dimensional hydrological connectivity and their thresholding effects on ecosystem will be quantified. The investigation of nonlinear driving mechanisms behind wetland vegetation-groundwater dynamics will be strengthened. The elasticity and resilience of waterfowls' population will be evaluated considering both habitat area and quality. The ultimate goal is to provide a scientific basis for lake-level regulation and wetland restoration. |
| Key words: Lake wetland hydrological process numerical simulation remote sensing flood hydrological connectivity |
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