| 引用本文: | 董贯仓,冷春梅,丛旭日,刘超,朱士文,孙鲁峰,高云芳,客涵,李秀启.南水北调东线工程运行3年后东平湖浮游植物群落特征及环境驱动因子.湖泊科学,2022,34(1):61-73. DOI:10.18307/2022.0107 |
| Dong Guancang,Leng Chunmei,Cong Xuri,Liu Chao,Zhu Shiwen,Sun Lufeng,Gao Yunfang,Ke Han,Li Xiuqi.Phytoplankton community and driving environmental factors in Lake Dongping after 3 years implementation of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. J. Lake Sci.2022,34(1):61-73. DOI:10.18307/2022.0107 |
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| 南水北调东线工程运行3年后东平湖浮游植物群落特征及环境驱动因子 |
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董贯仓1,2, 冷春梅1,2, 丛旭日1,2, 刘超1,2, 朱士文1,2, 孙鲁峰1,2, 高云芳1,2, 客涵1,2, 李秀启1,2
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1.山东省淡水渔业研究院, 济南 250013;2.山东省淡水水产遗传育种重点实验室, 济南 250117
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| 摘要: |
| 为掌握东平湖浮游植物在南水北调东线工程运行后的群落结构变化特征及探究其环境驱动因子，于通水运行3周年后的2017年分4个季节对东平湖的18个样点进行采样调查，同步开展水环境调查.结果显示：共检出浮游植物191种属（包括变种），其中硅藻门、绿藻门、裸藻门、蓝藻门、金藻门、黄藻门、甲藻门和隐藻门分别为64、57、28、22、8、5、4和3种属；优势种属包括蓝藻门的漂浮泽丝藻（Limnothrix planctonica）和色球藻（Chroococcus sp.），绿藻门的小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）以及硅藻门的小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）、舟形藻（Nauicula sp.）和针杆藻（Synedra sp.）等（优势度Y>0.02）；全年密度和生物量分别为6.74×106 cells/L和5.71 mg/L，并呈现显著季节与空间差异.浮游植物密度季节变化为夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季 > 春季，生物量季节变化为夏季 > 冬季> > 秋季 > 春季；春、夏、秋、冬季物种数分别为71、78、53和125种，Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）均值分别为1.90、1.84、1.76和2.52，Margalef丰富度指数（D）均值为3.07、3.98、2.79和4.75；冗余分析与Pearson相关性分析结果显示，水体综合营养状态指数、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮和水温是影响东平湖浮游植物群落结构的关键驱动因子.对比南水北调东线工程实施之前及通水初期的结果，东平湖浮游植物优势种群无明显变化，密度则较通水初期稍有升高.本研究分析了东平湖浮游植物群落的时空分布特征，发现调水工程可能通过物质带入影响水质，进而引起浮游植物量增加，湖区养殖的退出及增殖放流的实施降低了富营养化风险，但仍存在浮游植物生物量特别是蓝藻生物量升高的风险，建议在调水管理中加强水域生态监测及生境调控技术研究，保障调水水质安全. |
| 关键词: 南水北调东线工程 东平湖 浮游植物 群落特征 驱动因子 |
| DOI：10.18307/2022.0107 |
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| 基金项目:山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2020MC193）、山东省重点研发计划项目（2019GSF109111）和山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目联合资助. |
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| Phytoplankton community and driving environmental factors in Lake Dongping after 3 years implementation of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project |
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Dong Guancang1,2, Leng Chunmei1,2, Cong Xuri1,2, Liu Chao1,2, Zhu Shiwen1,2, Sun Lufeng1,2, Gao Yunfang1,2, Ke Han1,2, Li Xiuqi1,2
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1.Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan 250013, P. R. China;2.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Freshwater Genetics and Breeding, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| In order to investigate the community characteristics of phytoplankton and the determining factors in Lake Dongping after implementation of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, seasonal samples of phytoplankton and aquatic environment from 18 sampling sites were collected in 2017. A total of 191 taxa of phytoplankton (genera or species) were identified with 64 taxa of Bacillariophyta, 57 taxa of Chlorophyta, 28 taxa of Euglenophyta, 22 taxa of Cyanophyta, 8 taxa of Chrysophyta, 5 taxa of Xanthophyta, 4 taxa of Pyrrophyta and 3 taxa of Cryptophyta. The dominant taxa were Limnothrix planctonica and Chroococcus sp. of Cyanophyta, Chlorella vulgaris of Chlorophyta and Cyclotella sp., Nauicula sp. and Synedra sp. of Bacillariophyta, etc (Y>0.02). The phytoplankton density and biomass were 6.74×106 cells/L and 5.71 mg/L with the seasonal variation of density being summer > autumn > winter > spring and that of biomass being summer > winter > autumn > spring, respectively. About the phytoplankton diversity in four quarters, the number of species was 71, 78, 53 and 125, while the averages of the Shannon-Wiener index were 1.90, 1.84, 1.76 and 2.52 and Margalef diversity index were 3.07, 3.98, 2.79 and 4.75, respectively. Meanwhile, the results of redundancy analysis and Pearson analysis for the relationship between phytoplankton and aquatic environment showed that the factors such as comprehensive nutrition state index, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen concentration, and water temperature played a key role in affecting the structure and dynamics of the phytoplankton community in Lake Dongping. Compared with before implementation of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project and the initial stage of it, although the density of phytoplankton showed a rise, there was no obvious response in their dominant genera. This study preliminarily verified the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the phytoplankton community in Lake Dongping. Total phytoplankton density was found to have increased with the change of water quality caused by the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The withdrawal of aquaculture and implementation of fishery enhancement and releasing had reduced the risk of eutrophication, but the proliferation of phytoplankton probably increased the risk of algal-bloom in Lake Dongping. Given the changes of phytoplankton community and water quality after water diversion, it is necessary to strengthen the ecological monitoring and controlling in the management of water quality safety and stability. |
| Key words: The east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project Lake Dongping phytoplankton community characteristics driving factor |
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