| 引用本文: | 孙婷婷,涂耀仁,罗鹏程,刘生辉,高佳欣,顾心彤,寇佳怡,段艳平,高峻.2008—2022年上海大莲湖湿地营养盐时空分布特征、水质评价及来源解析.湖泊科学,2023,35(3):886-896. DOI:10.18307/2023.0310 |
| Sun Tingting,Tu Yaojen,Luo Pengcheng,Liu Shenghui,Gao Jiaxin,Gu Xintong,Kou Jiayi,Duan Yanping,Gao Jun.Temporal-spatial distributions, water quality evaluation, and source identifications of nutrients in Lake Dalian wetland, Shanghai, 2008-2022. J. Lake Sci.2023,35(3):886-896. DOI:10.18307/2023.0310 |
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| 2008—2022年上海大莲湖湿地营养盐时空分布特征、水质评价及来源解析 |
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孙婷婷1, 涂耀仁1,2, 罗鹏程1, 刘生辉1, 高佳欣1, 顾心彤1, 寇佳怡1, 段艳平1,2, 高峻1,2
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1.上海师范大学环境和地理科学学院, 上海 200234;2.上海长三角城市湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 上海 200234
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| 摘要: |
| 为了解大莲湖湿地区域水体营养盐的时空分布特征及污染来源，本文系统汇整了2008—2022年大莲湖湿地的水质数据，于2021—2022年丰水期和枯水期针对6种不同土地利用类型进行水样采集分析，也于2021年平水期进行各指标的24 h昼夜监测分析。年际研究结果表明，2008—2022年期间大莲湖湖区总氮（TN）浓度基本处于《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838—2002）Ⅳ~Ⅴ类水质标准，在2009年枯水期达到最大值（2.97 mg/L）；湖区氨氮浓度近年来满足Ⅲ类水质标准；总磷浓度在2021年的丰水期达到最大值0.79 mg/L，超过Ⅴ类水标准限值0.4 mg/L。湖区水质较生态修复之前有所好转，但营养盐浓度依旧处于较高水平。整体趋势与淀山湖的营养盐浓度基本一致，说明上游淀山湖入湖来水可能是造成大莲湖营养盐增高的原因之一。季节性研究结果显示，水体各类指标存在一定季节性差异，枯水期略劣于丰水期。不排除入湖河流带来的污染对大莲湖湿地区域产生影响，丰枯水期鱼塘和荷花塘水体营养盐和有机物质超标现象突出，尤其是鱼塘点位TN浓度是Ⅴ类水标准限值2.0 mg/L的2~4倍。24 h昼夜监测结果发现，大部分采样点在14：30时，酸碱值、水温、溶解氧和化学需氧量达到最大值，分别为9.1、33.3℃、35.6 mg/L和90 mg/L；营养盐则因来源多元且复杂，昼夜变化不明显。水质指数法计算结果显示，大部分采样点水质为中等水平；水体富营养化评价综合指数法计算结果表明，除丰水期湖泊湿地的B1点为中营养等级外，其余采样点均达到富营养等级；同源性解析的主成分分析结果表明，营养盐和有机质是大莲湖湿地污染物的主要组成，稻田和养殖塘的废水排放、鱼塘饲料和茭白田肥料的施用、游客及当地居民生活污水的排放是主要的外源污染，动植物死亡后尸体的腐烂积累以及水体沉积物本底有机质的释放是主要的内源污染。本研究成果除可作为大莲湖湿地生态治理的理论基础与技术支撑外，更对相应污染来源的控制、污染风险的评估及管理策略的实施提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 大莲湖 湿地 营养盐 水质评价 来源解析 |
| DOI：10.18307/2023.0310 |
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| 基金项目:上海市自然科学基金项目（20ZR1441100）、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDB40020105）、国家自然科学基金项目（41730642，42077175）和国家社科基金重大项目（17ZDA058）联合资助。 |
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| Temporal-spatial distributions, water quality evaluation, and source identifications of nutrients in Lake Dalian wetland, Shanghai, 2008-2022 |
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Sun Tingting1, Tu Yaojen1,2, Luo Pengcheng1, Liu Shenghui1, Gao Jiaxin1, Gu Xintong1, Kou Jiayi1, Duan Yanping1,2, Gao Jun1,2
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1.School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China;2.Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| In order to understand the temporal-spatial distributions and the pollution sources of nutrients in Lake Dalian wetland, the data of water quality from 2008 to 2022, were integrated systematically. Water samples were collected and analyzed from six different land use types in wet and dry seasons from 2021 to 2022, while the diurnal variation (24 h) monitoring was conducted in normal water period of 2021. The interannual results showed that total nitrogen (TN) was in the class Ⅳ-Ⅴ water limit of the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) while the maximum value was at dry season in 2009 (2.97 mg/L). The ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) could meet the class III water quality standard in recent years while the maximum value of total phosphorus (TP) observed at wet season in 2021 is 0.79 mg/L which exceeded the class V water quality standard 0.4 mg/L. The water quality of Lake Dalian wetland seemed to be improved after ecological restoration, however, the nutrient was still high. This result was consistent with the trend of nutrient contents in Lake Dianshan, implying that the inflow water could be one of the reasons for high nutrients in Lake Dalian wetland. Seasonal data revealed that each indicator presented seasonal differences, and the dry season was slightly worse than the wet season. The pollution brought from the other rivers also could be the reason for the worse water quality at Lake Dalian wetland. The nutrients and organic matters prominently exceeded in fish pond and lotus pond, in particular, the TN content was 2-4 times compared to the class V water standard limit (2.0 mg/L) in fish ponds. The 24 h monitoring data indicated that pH, water temperature(WT), dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) reached the maximum values at 14:30 for most of the sampling sites where pH, WT, DO and CODCr were 9.1, 33.3℃, 35.6 mg/L and 90 mg/L, respectively. Nutrients seemed no obvious diurnal variation which might be due to the diversity and complexity of nutrient sources. The results of water quality index (WQI) demonstrated that water quality was in the medium level at most of the sampling sites; the results of comprehensive indicator for eutrophication evaluation showed that all the sampling sites reached eutrophication grade except the B1 in the wet season. Principal component analysis (PCA) illustrated that nutrients and organic matter were the main components of pollutants in Lake Dalian wetland. The main sources of exogenous pollution were the effluent discharge from paddy fields and aquaculture ponds, dosage of fish pond feed and water bamboo field fertilizer, sewage discharge from tourists and local residents. The main sources of endogenous pollution were the decomposing accumulation of dead animals and plants, and the release of organic matters from the sediments. The results obtained here can not only serve as the theoretical basis and technical support for ecological management of Lake Dalian wetland, but also provide scientific basis for pollution source control, pollution risk assessment and management strategy implementation. |
| Key words: Lake Dalian wetland nutrients water quality evaluation source identification |
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