| 引用本文: | 石小涛,白天翔,许家炜,朱冬舟,李冬晴,焦易林,陶宇,王永猛,姜泽文,张健,孙干,柯森繁.金沙江下游支流黑水河松新电站鱼道过鱼效果监测与评估.湖泊科学,2023,35(3):972-984. DOI:10.18307/2023.0317 |
| Shi Xiaotao,Bai Tianxiang,Xu Jiawei,Zhu Dongzhou,Li Dongqing,Jiao Yilin,Tao Yu,Wang Yongmeng,Jiang Zewen,Zhang Jian,Sun Gan,Ke Senfan.Monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness through fishway in Songxin Hydropower Station of Heishui River, lower reaches of Jinsha River. J. Lake Sci.2023,35(3):972-984. DOI:10.18307/2023.0317 |
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| 金沙江下游支流黑水河松新电站鱼道过鱼效果监测与评估 |
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石小涛1,2, 白天翔1,2, 许家炜3, 朱冬舟4, 李冬晴2, 焦易林2, 陶宇5, 王永猛5, 姜泽文2, 张健5, 孙干6, 柯森繁1,2
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1.三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心, 宜昌 443002;2.三峡大学湖北省鱼类过坝技术国际科技合作基地, 宜昌 443002;3.河海大学水利水电学院, 南京 210098;4.上海勘测设计研究院有限公司, 上海 200434;5.中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司, 贵阳 550081;6.中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司, 成都 610041
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| 摘要: |
| 松新鱼道建设是恢复金沙江白鹤滩库区鱼类生境替代支流——黑水河连通性的重要工程措施之一，其过鱼效果备受关注。本研究以黑水河松新鱼道为研究对象，通过网捕法和射频识别遥测技术（RFID）开展松新鱼道过鱼效果监测与评估研究。结果表明：（1）黑水河松新坝址下游共监测到19种鱼类，其中12种鱼类可以顺利通过鱼道抵达上游河道；（2）鱼道进出口鱼类多样性受到鱼类洄游动机影响呈现季节性规律，非洄游期（12月）鱼道进出口鱼类Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著低于洄游期（次年3、5月）；（3）松新鱼道主要过鱼对象短须裂腹鱼的进口吸引率为31.50%，通过率可达44.44%。利用张网监测数据发现：当水温超过20℃时，过鱼种类和数量随着水温的升高呈递减趋势；当鱼道内流量超过0.50 m3/s时，过鱼种类和数量随着鱼道内流量的增大而呈递减趋势。为识别影响鱼道过鱼效果的关键因素，选取短须裂腹鱼为研究对象，构建了基于多因素（鱼道内流量、水温、昼夜节律、pH、湿重、体长等）的Cox风险比例回归模型，研究发现：鱼道内流量、水温和昼夜节律是影响短须裂腹鱼上溯效果的关键因素；当水温变化范围为14.0~20.0℃时，短须裂腹鱼的通过率随水温的升高而呈递增趋势；当鱼道内流量变化范围为0.01~0.50 m3/s时，短须裂腹鱼的通过率随鱼道内流量的增大而呈递增趋势；昼夜节律对短须裂腹鱼的上溯有显著影响，短须裂腹鱼更偏好于夜晚上溯。本研究结果有助于黑水河开展鱼类栖息地修复及鱼类资源保护措施等工作，为黑水河梯级小水电及西南地区山区河流低水头闸坝修建鱼道提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 黑水河松新鱼道 鱼类多样性 短须裂腹鱼 过鱼效果 环境因素 |
| DOI：10.18307/2023.0317 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51922065，52279069）、三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目（KF2022-10）和中国三峡建工（集团）有限公司科研项目（JG/18056B，JG/18057B）联合资助。 |
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| Monitoring and evaluation of effectiveness through fishway in Songxin Hydropower Station of Heishui River, lower reaches of Jinsha River |
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Shi Xiaotao1,2, Bai Tianxiang1,2, Xu Jiawei3, Zhu Dongzhou4, Li Dongqing2, Jiao Yilin2, Tao Yu5, Wang Yongmeng5, Jiang Zewen2, Zhang Jian5, Sun Gan6, Ke Senfan1,2
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1.Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China;2.Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China;3.College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, P. R. China;4.Shanghai Investigation Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200434, P. R. China;5.Power China Guiyang Engineering Co., Ltd, Guiyang 550081, P. R. China;6.China Three Gorges Construction(Group)Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| The construction of Songxin Fishway is one of the important engineering measures to restore the connectivity of Heishui River, an alternative tributary of fish habitat in Baihetan Reservoir area of Jinsha River. In this study, the Songxin Fishway in the Heishui River, monitoring and evaluation of fish passage effect in Songxin Fishway were studied by net catch method and radio frequency identification (RFID) remote sensing technology. The results showed that:(1) A total of 19 species of fish were detected in the downstream of the Songxin dam site of the Heishui River, of which 12 species could reach the upstream river smoothly through the fishway. (2) The fish diversity was influenced by the motivation of fish migration in a seasonal pattern, with the Shannon-Wiener index of fish diversity at the inlet and exit of fish passage being significantly lower in the non-migratory period (December) than in the migratory period (March and May); (3) The import attraction rate of Schizothorax wangchiachii is 31.50% and the passage rate is 44.44%. Using the monitoring data of net, it was found that:when the water temperature exceeded 20℃, the species and quantity of fish decreased with the increase of water temperature; When the discharge in the fishway exceeded 0.50 m3/s, the species and quantity of fish decreased with the increase of discharge in fish passage. In order to identify the key factors affecting the fish passage effect, the S. wangchiachii as a study subject, a Cox proportional hazard regression model was constructed based on multiple factors (fish passage flow, water temperature, circadian rhythm, pH, wet weight, body length etc.). It was found that:fish passage discharge, water temperature and circadian rhythm were the key factors affecting the fish passage effect; When water temperature varied from 14.0 to 20.0℃, the passing rate of S. wangchiachii increased with water temperature. When the discharge in the fishway ranged from 0.01 to 0.50 m3/s, the passing rate of S. wangchiachii showed an increasing trend with the increase of the discharge in the fish channel. The circadian rhythm had a significant effect on the abduction of S. wangchiachii, and S. wangchiachii preferred night upstream migration. The research results are helpful to the fish habitat restoration and the protection of fish resources in Heishui River, and provide a theoretical basis for the construction of fishway in cascade hydropower stations of Heishui River and low head sluice dams of mountainous rivers in southwest China. |
| Key words: Songxin Fishway of Heishui River fish diversity Schizothorax wangchiachii fish passage efficiency environmental factor |
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