| 引用本文: | 王延军,徐敏,孟凡生,薛浩,梁朱明,张家胜.长江中游黄盖湖富营养化趋势分析及原因诊断.湖泊科学,2023,35(4):1183-1193. DOI:10.18307/2023.0412 |
| Wang Yanjun,Xu Min,Meng Fansheng,Xue Hao,Liang Zhuming,Zhang Jiasheng.Trend analysis and cause diagnosis of eutrophication in Lake Huanggai in the middle reaches of Yangtze River. J. Lake Sci.2023,35(4):1183-1193. DOI:10.18307/2023.0412 |
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| 长江中游黄盖湖富营养化趋势分析及原因诊断 |
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王延军1,2, 徐敏1, 孟凡生1, 薛浩1, 梁朱明1, 张家胜1
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1.中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012;2.江苏省常州环境监测中心, 常州 213000
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| 摘要: |
| 为评估黄盖湖富营养状况和变化趋势并诊断主要成因,以2015~2021年环境监测站点水质数据和2021年秋季的4次全湖加密监测数据为基础,采用综合营养状态指数(TLI(Σ))评价了黄盖湖富营养化程度及变化趋势,使用污染指数法评价了黄盖湖表层沉积物污染程度,基于沉积物与水体间氮磷的相关关系和入湖河流水质状况,初步推断了黄盖湖富营养化的主要原因。结果表明,2015-2021年黄盖湖TLI(Σ)依次为44.14、45.91、42.39、49.79、49.01、49.62和52.77,呈逐年升高的趋势,由中营养状态转变为轻度富营养状态,夏、秋季富营养化程度高于冬、春季;TLI(SD)、TLI(TN)和TLI(TP)贡献率分别为28%、18%和16%,营养盐浓度增加和透明度降低是黄盖湖水体富营养化的主要驱动因子。沉积物TP和TN平均含量分别为791和2691 mg/kg,为重度污染,有较高的释放风险。表层沉积物与表层水体之间TN相关性较弱,TP相关性较强,但受风速、水深等因素影响较大,湖面风速较高时浅水区域表层沉积物中P更容易释放至上覆水。入湖河流的外源输入以及风浪作用下沉积物再悬浮导致的营养盐浓度升高、透明度下降是近几年黄盖湖水体富营养化的主要驱动因子,建议通过河口湿地修复、水生植被修复等措施减缓黄盖湖水体富营养化趋势。 |
| 关键词: 长江中游 黄盖湖 富营养化 沉积物 综合营养状态指数 |
| DOI：10.18307/2023.0412 |
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| 基金项目:长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0506-09)和国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200103)联合资助。 |
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| Trend analysis and cause diagnosis of eutrophication in Lake Huanggai in the middle reaches of Yangtze River |
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Wang Yanjun1,2, Xu Min1, Meng Fansheng1, Xue Hao1, Liang Zhuming1, Zhang Jiasheng1
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1.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, P. R. China;2.Jiangsu Changzhou Environment Monitoring Center, Changzhou 213000, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| In order to evaluate the state and temporal variations of eutrophication in Lake Huanggai and diagnose the main causes of changes, the comprehensive trophic state index was used to evaluate the eutrophication level and variance tendency of water body, and the pollution index method was used to evaluate the pollution degree of surface sediments. The correlations between the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sediments and in the water were analyzed. Based on the correlations of nitrogen and phosphorus between sediments and water, and the water quality of the river entering into the lake, the main causes of eutrophication in Lake Huanggai were preliminarily inferred. All of the analyses above were based on water quality data of environmental monitoring stations from 2015 to 2021 and four times of intensive monitoring data of the whole lake in autumn 2021. The results showed that from 2015 to 2021, the TLI(Σ) scores of Lake Huanggai were 44.14, 45.91, 42.39, 49.79, 49.01, 49.62 and 52.77, respectively, which showed a trend of increase year by year. The state of eutrophication changed from moderate to mild, and the eutrophication degree was higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The contribution rates of TLI (SD), TLI (TN) and TLI (TP) were 28%, 18% and 16%, respectively. The increase of nutrient concentration and decrease of transparency were the main driving factors of eutrophication in Lake Huanggai. The average concentrations of TP and TN in the sediments of Lake Huanggai were 791 mg/kg and 2691 mg/kg, respectively, indicating heavy pollution and high release risk. The TN correlation between surface sediments and surface water was weak, while the TP correlation was strong. However, it was greatly affected by other factors, such as wind speed and water depth, etc. When the wind speed over the lake was high, P in surface sediments in shallow water area was easy to release into the overlying water. The main driving factors of water eutrophication in Lake Huanggai in recent years were the increase of nutrient concentration and decrease of transparency caused by the inflow of rivers and the re-suspension of sediments under the action of winds and waves. It is suggested that measures such as estuarine wetland restoration and aquatic vegetation restoration should be taken to slow down the eutrophication trend of Lake Huanggai. |
| Key words: Middle reaches of Yangtze River Lake Huanggai eutrophication sediment comprehensive trophic state index |
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