| 引用本文: | 张运林,蔡永久,彭凯,龚志军,罗菊花,周永强,魏佳豪,贺诗文,李娜,薛滨.南水北调东线沿线湖泊生态环境面临的挑战与保护对策.湖泊科学,2024,36(5):1289-1302. DOI:10.18307/2024.0500 |
| Zhang Yunlin,Cai Yongjiu,Peng Kai,Gong Zhijun,Luo Juhua,Zhou Yongqiang,Wei Jiahao,He Shiwen,Li Na,Xue Bin.Challenges and protection strategies of ecological environment of lakes along the Eastern Route of the South to North Water Diversion Project. J. Lake Sci.2024,36(5):1289-1302. DOI:10.18307/2024.0500 |
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| 南水北调东线沿线湖泊生态环境面临的挑战与保护对策 |
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张运林1,2,3,4, 蔡永久1,2,3, 彭凯1,2, 龚志军1,2,3, 罗菊花1,2,3, 周永强1,2,3, 魏佳豪1,2, 贺诗文1,2,3,4, 李娜1,2, 薛滨1,2,3
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1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室, 南京 210008;2.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 太湖湖泊生态系统研究站, 南京 210008;3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;4.中国科学院大学南京学院, 南京 211135
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| 摘要: |
| 南水北调东线工程横跨长江、淮河、黄河和海河四大流域,通过京杭大运河和输水渠道自南向北连通了高邮湖、洪泽湖、骆马湖、南四湖、东平湖和北大港水库等湖泊和水库,向黄淮海平原东部、胶东地区以及津冀地区提供生产生活生态用水。沿线调蓄湖泊是南水北调东线工程的关键节点和调蓄池,是改善输水水质的净化器和重要“绿肾”,对保障输供水安全至关重要。近年来,在生态文明建设和打好碧水保卫战的大背景下,南水北调东线沿线调蓄湖泊治理保护取得明显成效,水环境质量总体上呈改善趋势,但在快速气候变化和高强度人类活动的双重影响下,沿线湖泊流域水污染防控、水环境治理和水生态保护修复仍面临严峻挑战。本文从水量调蓄与水质净化、饮用水安全保障、农业灌溉与粮食安全、生物多样性保护、航运与大运河水文化等方面系统阐述了南水北调东线沿线湖泊的主要生态服务功能,深入剖析了水质超标风险、湖泊富营养化、藻类水华暴发以及草型生态系统退化等生态环境问题,提出了水环境质量持续改善以及水生态系统完整性、稳定性和持续性稳步提升的保护策略,助力南水北调东线水安全保障国家战略。 |
| 关键词: 湖泊调蓄 富营养化 藻类水华 饮用水安全 策略与对策 |
| DOI：10.18307/2024.0500 |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院学部咨询评议项目(2023-ZW-09-A-025)、湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室重大项目(NKL2023-ZD02)和PIFI国际合作项目(2024PG0017, 2024DC0005)联合资助。 |
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| Challenges and protection strategies of ecological environment of lakes along the Eastern Route of the South to North Water Diversion Project |
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Zhang Yunlin1,2,3,4, Cai Yongjiu1,2,3, Peng Kai1,2, Gong Zhijun1,2,3, Luo Juhua1,2,3, Zhou Yongqiang1,2,3, Wei Jiahao1,2, He Shiwen1,2,3,4, Li Na1,2, Xue Bin1,2,3
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1.Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China;2.Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China;3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China;4.College of Nanjing, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| The East Route of the South to North Water Diversion Project (ER-SNWDP) spans the four major river basins of the Yangtze, Huaihe, Yellow and Haihe rivers. The ER-SNWDP connects lakes and reservoirs such as Lake Gaoyou, Lake Hongze, Lake Luoma, Lake Nansi, Lake Dongping and Beidagang Reservoir from south to north through the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and water conveyance canals, providing water resources for industrial and agricultural development, domestic and ecological use in the eastern part of the Huaihe-Haihe-Yellow River Plain, the Jiaodong region and the Tianjin-Hebei region. The lakes along the ER-SNWDP are key nodes and play an important regulating and storage role for water diversion. Meanwhile, the lakes act as purifiers and important "green kidneys" to improve water quality and ensure the safety of water transmission and supply in the ER-SNWDP. In recent years, under the background of building ecological civilization and maintaining water clear, significant achievements have been made in the management and protection of lakes along the ER-SNWDP, resulting in the improvement of water environment quality. However, under the dual influence of rapid climate change and intensive anthropogenic human activities, water pollution prevention and control, water environment management, and water ecosystem protection and restoration for lakes along the ER-SNWDP still face many serious challenges. This study systematically explores the main ecological services provided by the lakes along the ER-SNWDP in terms of water quantity regulation and purification, drinking water safety, agricultural irrigation and food security, biodiversity conservation, shipping and Grand Canal culture. Several ecological and environmental problems such as water quality deterioration, lake eutrophication, algal blooms and submerged aquatic vegetation degradation have been identified for the lakes along the ER-SNWDP. Protection strategies, including accurate identification of pollution sources, monitoring, early warning and prevention of algal blooms, ecological restoration, multi-department cooperation mechanism are proposed for continuous improvement of water quality and ecosystem integrity, stability and sustainability. All these actions aim to support the national water security strategy of the ER-SNWDP. |
| Key words: Lake regulation eutrophication algal bloom drinking water safety strategies and countermeasures |
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