| 引用本文: | 姚禹佳,毛志刚,谷孝鸿,王奕杨,曾庆飞,陈辉辉,兰海今.乌梁素海鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系.湖泊科学,2024,36(5):1459-1469. DOI:10.18307/2024.0532 |
| Yao Yujia,Mao Zhigang,Gu Xiaohong,Wang Yiyang,Zeng Qingfei,Chen Huihui,Lan Haijin.Fish community structure in Lake Wuliangsuhai and its relationship with major environmental factors. J. Lake Sci.2024,36(5):1459-1469. DOI:10.18307/2024.0532 |
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| 乌梁素海鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系 |
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姚禹佳1,2,3, 毛志刚1,2, 谷孝鸿1,2, 王奕杨1,2,3, 曾庆飞1,2, 陈辉辉1,2, 兰海今4
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1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008;2.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室, 南京 210008;3.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;4.内蒙古自治区乌梁素海生态保护中心, 巴彦淖尔 051500
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| 摘要: |
| 根据2021年周年野外调查数据与渔业捕捞历史资料,本文分析了乌梁素海湖区的鱼类群落结构变化特征及其与主要环境因子的关系。与历史资料相比,乌梁素海鱼类群落结构已经发生较大变化,表现为土著鱼类减少,优势种组成改变,鱼类群落结构呈现小型化。根据鱼类群落在湖中的分布特征,本研究将乌梁素海分为西部、东部和南部3个湖区。单因子相似性分析和相似性百分比分析结果显示,不同湖区间鱼类群落组成存在显著差异,两两湖区之间的平均差异性均在70%以上,且这种差异性主要由鲫、麦穗鱼和鲤造成。多样性的分析结果表明,全湖及各湖区鱼类群落的多样性指数较低(H'<2),整体表现为一般水平,且3个湖区的鱼类生物多样性指数呈现为:西部湖区＞东部湖区＞南部湖区。此外,Mantel test分析和典型相关分析表明,浊度和叶绿素a是目前影响乌梁素海鱼类群落结构的主要环境因子。各湖区间鱼类种群和多样性的差别在一定程度上反映出鱼类群落结构与湖泊环境特征相适应的特点。通过讨论鱼类群落结构变化及其空间分布特征,本文从不同角度对乌梁素海未来渔业管理规划提出可参考方向:1)重视禁渔休渔政策和人工增殖放流在乌梁素海的重要意义;2)充分利用鱼类群落与环境特征间的关系,尽可能通过改善鱼类群落结构促进水体营养物质循环。 |
| 关键词: 渔业资源小型化 优势种 生物多样性 环境因子 多元统计分析 乌梁素海 |
| DOI：10.18307/2024.0532 |
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| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技成果转化专项资金项目(2021CG0013)、江苏省水利厅科技重大技术攻关项目(2021003)、国家自然科学基金项目(32071575)和湖泊与流域水安全重点实验室项目(Grant No. NKL2023-KP02)联合资助。 |
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| Fish community structure in Lake Wuliangsuhai and its relationship with major environmental factors |
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Yao Yujia1,2,3, Mao Zhigang1,2, Gu Xiaohong1,2, Wang Yiyang1,2,3, Zeng Qingfei1,2, Chen Huihui1,2, Lan Haijin4
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1.State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China;2.Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China;3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China;4.Wuliangsuhai Ecological Protection Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Bayannur 051500, P. R. China
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| Abstract: |
| Utilizing data obtained from three surveys conducted in 2021 and historical records pertinent to fisheries, this study scrutinized the alterations in the fish community structure within Lake Wuliangsuhai and elucidated its correlation with key environmental factors. Comparative scrutiny with historical data unveiled substantial shifts in the fish community structure in Lake Wuliangsuhai, typified by a decline in indigenous species, alterations in dominant species composition, and a discernible trend toward individual fish miniaturization. According to the distribution characteristics of fish communities, the lake was divided into three lake areas: western, eastern and southern. ANOSIM and SIMPER results showed significant differences in fish community composition between the lake regions. The mean difference was more than 70% and was mainly attributed to Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva and Cyprinus carpio. The results of biodiversity analysis showed that the diversity index of fish communities in the whole lake and each lake area was low (H'<2). Mantel test analysis and CCA underscored turbidity and chlorophyll-a as key environmental factors influencing the fish community structure in the lake. The differences in fish communities and biodiversity among lake areas reflect the adaptation of fish community structure to the environmental characteristics of the lake. This paper proposes a reference direction for future fisheries management planning in the lake from different perspectives: 1) the policy of fishing ban and stocking, 2) make full use of the relationship between the fish community and environmental characteristics. |
| Key words: Miniaturization of fish resources dominant species biodiversity environmental variable multivariate analysis Lake Wuliangsuhai |
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